THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


D.P.Lindsley, 

No.  6  UNION  PLACE, 
BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 


B.  0.  BAKER 

WVER 
DALLAS,  TEXAS 


A   SHORT   COURSE 


IN 


BUSINESS  SHORTHAND 

FOR    THE    USE  OF 

Amanuenses,  Clerks,  Secretaries,  Profes- 
sional and  Business  Men. 

ALSO  ADAPTED   TO  THE   USE  OF   STUDENTS 
XK 

HIGH    SCHOOLS,    ACADEMIES,    COLLEGES, 
AND    SEMINARIES. 

BY 

DAVID   PHILIP    LINDSLEY. 

AUTHOR  OF  TAKIGRAFV. 


CHICAGO: 
D.  KIMBALL,  85  MADISON  ST. 

BOSTON: 
OTIS  CLAPP  &  SON,  10  PAKE  PLACE. 

1888. 


No.^UNION.PUCf,,.^     ,,,,,N 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1888, 

BY  D.  P.  LINDSLEY, 
lu  the  office  of  the  Libririan  of  Congress, 

AT  WASHINGTON,  P.  C 


PREFACE. 


This  is  not  a  first  book;  though,  if  the  student  wishes  to  begin 

in  the  middle  of  the  subject  and  work  both  ways,  this  is  just  the 

book  he  will  want  to  commence  with.    To  aid  him  as  much  as 

possible  in  this  course,  should  he  prefer  it,  an  introductory  chapter 

is  given  which  epitomizes  the  author's  treatment  of  the  Simple 

«2     Style.    Still  he  does  not  recommend  the  student  to  trust  to  this 

**J    epitome;  he  should  learn  the  Simple  Style  from  some  of  the  com- 

^    plete  works  on  that  style;  such  as  the  Elements  or  Exercise  Book. 

§  THE  STYLE   TAUGHT   IN   THIS   WORK. 

oct 

Between  the  territory  occupied  by  the  Simple  Style  and  that 

1    occupied  by  the  Reporting  Style  there  is  a  wide  field,  and  one  just 
now  most  hopeful.    It  is  believed  that  at  least  nine-tenths  of  our 

«•>  students  of  shorthand  need,  and  desire,  an  intermediate  or  business 
style,  in  which  a  fair  rate  of  speed  can  be  secured  with  the  least 

z    loss  of  time  in  learning,  and  with   the   greatest  degree  of  legibility 

o    and  accuracy. 

To  provide  just  such  a  style  has  been  the  object  of  the  author 
from  the  first.     The  easy  reporting  style  written  twenty-five  years 

3    ago,  and  used  in  manuscript,  was  written  with  this  design.    The 

P    Note-taker  published  in  1872  aimed  to  solve  the  same  problem; 

H  but  the  author  was  carried  beyond  his  original  intention  by  the 
great  desire  of  many  persons  to  master  a  reporting  style.  This 
stenographic  pressure  led  to  the  publication,  in  1882,  of  the  HAND 
BOOK,  which  satisfied  the  demands  of  the  reporting  style,  but  left 
the  great  middle  style  entirely  unrepresented. 


448587 


Four  years  ago  the  author  prepared  a  series  of 
for  teaching  a  Business  Style  which  he  has  used  in  his  private 
classes  ever  since.  But  for  various  reasons  their  publication  has 
been  postponed  until  the  present  time.  It  seems  almost  unac- 
countable that  the  publication  of  the  style  which  the  author  has 
always  regarded  as  of  "the  greatest  use  to  so  large  a  number," 
should  have  been  delayed  so  long.  There  are,  however,  doubtless, 
some  compensating  advantages  in  the  delay.  Something  must 
have  been  learned  through  the  extended  experimentation  of  the 
past  years.  Doubtless  the  style  here  represented  is  the  more  per- 
fect for  the  delay,  and  the  manner  of  presenting  it,  it  is  hoped,  has 
also  been  improved. 

The  style  here  represented  is  adapted  to  the  wants  of  at  least 
nine-tenths  of  all  professional  writers  of  shorthand  in  the  country. 
The  cpurt  reporter  is  necessary,  but  only  a  limited  number  of 
places  are  open  for  this  work.  Thousands  of  literary  and  profes- 
sional men  need  a  still  easier  style,  but  will  not  cultivate  it.  Nearly 
all  Amanuenses  need  just  this  style,  and  thousands  of  students 
who  are  pursuing  courses  of  higher  education  also  need  it.  With 
so  wide  a  field  to  fill,  it  must  not  be  supposed  that  all  who  use  it 
will  stop  at  the  same  point  of  development,  but  this  is  not  neces- 
sary. This  work  will  put  all  on  the  road  to  the  speediest  and 
surest  success. 

The  author  takes  pleasure  in  offering  this  little  work  to  the 
teachers  of  shorthand  writing,  as  the  best  expression  of  his  method 
of  teaching  yet  made.  The  work  is  so  arranged  as  to  be  adapted 
to  any  plan  of  instruction  which  the  teacher  may  choose;  and  as 
every  exercise  has  its  accompanying  key,  it  can  be  used  by  the 
pupil  without  a  teacher  better  than  any  previous  work. 

Assured  that  its  use  will  greatly  facilitate  the  study  and  prac- 
tice of  the  art,  the  author  sends  with  it  his  heartiest  greetings, 
begging  the  friends  of  other  days  to  give  it  a  kindly  reception  and 
candid  criticism,  and  to  continue  to  co-operate  with  him  in  intro- 
ducing the  advantages  of  the  art  to  the  millions  who  are  waiting 
to  receive  it  at  our  hands. 

T^H"p   A  TTTTTOR 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  October  1st,  1888. 


CONTENTS  OF  TYPE  PA.GES. 


Introduction — Application  of  the  terms  System  and  Style — 

Natural  Styles,        ......  9 

Actual  Styles,  .....  9 

Two  Theories  of  Teaching,  .  .  .  .10 

A  Knowledge  of  the  Simple  Style  Useful  to  Amanuenses,         11 
Method  of  Study,  .  .  .  .12,13 

Length  of  Courses  of  Study — New  Principles,  .  .        14,  15 

CHAPTER  I. 

REVIEW    OF   THE  SIMPLE   STYLE. 

Section  1.     Alphabetical  Drills — Par.  1,   Consonants-,   Par.  2, 

Vocals;  Par.  3,  Compounds  of  the  El,  Ar  and  Qua  Series; 

Par.  4,  Compounds  of  the  Circle  Series,     .             .  .17 

Section  2.     The  Joining  of  Vocal  and  Consonant  Signs       .  19 

Section  3.     Primary  Long  Vocals,         .             .             .  .19 

Section  4.     Secondary  Long  Vocals,            ...  21 

Section  5.     Short  Vocal  Joinings,         .             .             .  .23 

Section  6.     Short  Intermediate  Vocal  Joinings,     .             .  23,  25 

Section  7.     Long  Intermediate  Vocal  Joinings,             .  .         25 

Sections.     Explanations,  of  the  Qua  and  Triphthong  Series,         25 

Section  9.     Key  to  Table  of  Word  and  Phrase  Signs,  .  .         27 

First  Test  Exercise,     ....  27,  31 

Second  Test  Exercise,         ...  31 

Third  Test  Exercise,    .             .                          .  33,  35 

CHAPTER  K 
GENERAL    CONTRACTIONS. 

Section  1.     Additional  Word-  and  Phrase-Signs,           .  .         37 

Writing  Exercise  1,             .              .             .             .             .  37 

Section  2.     A  tick  for  final  y,  initial  h,  and  shortened  I,  .         39 

Section  3.     The  Use  of  Vowels  in  Words  of  one  syllable,  39 

5 


6  CONTENTS. 

Writing  Exercise  2.  Vocalized  Outlines,  .  .  .41 

Writing  Exercise  3.  The  Child  and  the  Brook,  .  .  41,  43 

Writing  Exercise  4.  Selections  for  Practice,  .  .  ..43,45 

Writing  Exercise  5.  Selections  for  Practice,  .  .  45 

Section  4.  Words  of  a  Single  Stem  containing  Signs  of  the 

El,  Ar,  Qna  and  Circle  series,  .  .  .45 

Section  5.  Extended  use  of  the  Compounds  of  the  El  and  Ar 

series,          .......         45 

Section  6.  The  use  of  Zhe  for  j  and  nj,  ...  45 

Section  7.  The  use  of  the  Circle  where  the  Vocal  is  included,  47 
Writing  Exercise  6,  Illustrations  of  Sections  4,  5,  6  and  7, 

and  additional  phrase-signs,  ....  47 

Writing  Exercise  7.  Selections  for  Practice,  .  .  49 

Writing  Exercise  8,  "  "  .  .  .49 

Section  8.  Shortened  Letters,  ....  51 

Writing  Exercise  9.  Shortened  Letters,  .  .  .51 

Writing  Exercise  10.  Selections  for  Practice,  .  .  53 

Section  9.  Lengthened  Curves,  .  .  .  .  55 

Writing  Exercise  11.  Lengthened  Curves,  .  .  57 

Section  10.  Miscellaneous  Contractions,  .  .  .59 

Writing  Exercise  12.  Selections  for  Practice,  .  .  59 

Section  11.  Ste  and  Est  Loops,  .  .  .  61 

Writing  Exercise  13.  The  n  and  v-hooks,  the  shaded  Em,  El, 

Ar  and  Ra,  Ste  and  Est  loops,  .  .  .61,  63 

Writing  Exercise  14.  Selections  for  Practice,  .  .  63 

Writing  Exercise  15.  Application  of  Principles,  .  65 

Writing  Exercise  16.  Selections  for  Practice,  .  .  65,  67 

CHAPTER   III. 

SYLLABLE  SIGNS — PREFIXES  AND  AFFIXES 

Section  1.     Extended  use  of  the   Half-Length   Principle,   ate, 

way,  ment,  etc.,  .  .  .  .  .69 

Writing   Exercise   1.     The   Terminations    ate,     ward,    dent, 

ment,  etc,  .  .  .  .  .  .69 

Writing  Exercise  2.     Selections  for  Practice,  .  .  71 

Writing  Exercise  3.     Selections  for  Practice,  .  .         73 

Section  2.     The  Terminations  zhn,  shn,  zhnal,  shnal,        .  73 

Section  3.     The  Terminations  meter,  liter,  ure,  ural,    urally, 

ual,  ually,  ular,  ularly,  tude,  ize,  ness,  less  and  with,       .         76 


CONTENTS,  7 

Section  4.     The   Terminations    ian,  ien,    iar,   ier,   ior,    with 

i  coalescent,             .             .             .             .  .             .75 

Section  5.     The  Termination?  °<d  and  ing,  .             .               75 

Writing  Exercise  4.     Affix  Si^ns,         .  .75 

Writing  Exercise  5.     Selections  for  Practice,  .               77 

Writing  Exercise  6.     Selections  for  Practice,      .  .77 

Section  6.     Contracted  Prefix  Signs,             .  .                             79 

Writing  Exercise  7.     Prefixes,               .             .  .             .81 

Writing  Exercise  8.     Selections  for  Practice,  .                             81 

Writing  Exercise  9.     The  Discovery  of  America.  .         83 

Section  7.     Contracted  Phrases  and  Word  Omissions         .  85 

Section  8.     Punctuation  in  Note  Taking,         .  .             .85 

Writing  Exercise  10.     Special  Phrases,       .  .         85,  87 

Writing  Exercise  11.     Selections  for  Practice,  .             .         89 

Writing  Exercise  12.     Selections  for  Practice.  .             .               89 

Writing  Exercise  13.     Extract  from  a  Lecture  by    Edward 

Everett.     The  Temperance  Reform.  .     91,  93,  95 


CONTENTS  OF  ENGRAVED  PAGES. 

CHAPTER  I. 
Alphabet:  1 — Consonant,  2 — Vocals,  3 — Compounds  of  the  El, 

Ar,  and  Qua  series,  4 — Compounds  of  the  Circle  Series.  16 
Joinings  of  Vocal  and     Consonant      Signs,     Primary    Long 

Vocals,  Secondary  Long  Vocals,                   .             .  .18,  20 

Short  Vocal  Joinings,     ......  22 

Short  Intermediate  Vocal  Joinings,       .             .             .  .  22,  34 

Long  Intermediate  Vocal  Joinings,               ...  26 
Consonant  Joinings :  A,  with  Angles;   B,    without  Angles;  C, 

Miscellaneous,          .             .             .             .  28 

Table  of  Word-  and  Phrase-Signs,   .                                       .  28 

First  Test  Exercise,                     .             .             .             .  .30 

Second  Test  Exercise,                         .  32 

Third  Test  Exercise,                   .  33 

CHAPTER  II. 

Writing  Exercise  1.     Additional  Word  and  Phrase  Signs,  .         36 

Writing  Exercise  2.     Vocalized  Outlines,                 .             .  38 

Writing  Exercise  3.     Selections  for  Practice,      .  .40 

Writing  Exercise  4.     Selections  for  Practice,           .             .  42 


8  CONTENTS. 

Writing  Exercise  5.     Selections  for  Practice,  .  .         44 

Writing  Exercise  6.  1  and  2  Vocalized  Compounds,  3  Vocals 
included  in  Compounds,  4  Zhe  used  for  j  and  nj,  5  Zhel 
used  for  jel,and  Zherfor  jr.  6  Vocals  included  with  Circle, 
7  Additional  Phrase  Signs,  .  .  .  .46 

Writing  Exercise  7.     Selections  for  Practice,          .  .  48 

Writing  Exercise  8.     Selections  for  Practice,  .  .         50 

Writing  Exercise  9.     Shortened  Letters.  ...  52 

Writing  Exercise  10.    Selections  for  Practice,  .  .         54 

Writing  Exercise  11.     Lengthened  Curves,  .  .  56 

Writing  Exercise  12.     Selections  for  Practice.  .  .         58 

Writing  Exercise  13.     The  n- and  v-hooks,  Emp,   Arch,   Arj, 

Ler,  Rel,  Ste  and  Est,        ...  .HO 

Writing  Exercise  14.    Selections  for  Practice,         .  .  62 

Writing  Exercise  15.     Miscellaneous  Outlines  in   application 

of  the  General  Principles  of  Contraction,    .  .  .64 

Writing  Exercise  16.     Selections  for  Practice,        .  .  66 

CHAPTER  III. 

Writing  Exercise  1.     The  terminations  of  ate,    ward,    bent, 

dent,  vent,  ance,  ins,         .  .  .  .  .68 

Writing  Exercise  2.     Selections  for  Practice,  .  .  70 

Writing  Exercise  3.     Selections  for  Practice,  .  .72 

Writing  Exercise  4.     The   Terminations   ation,   ition,    asion, 
ision,  ection,  ution    tional,  ration,  ulation,  ure,  ual,  ular, 
ship,  self,  tude,  ize,  ization,  ian,  ien  and  with,      .  .         74 

Writing  Exercise  5.     Selections  for  Practice,  .  .  76 

Writing  Exercise  6.     The  North  American   Indians — Sprague,         78 
Writing  Exercise  7.     Contracted  Prefi  xes  ad,  com,  con,   intra, 
tre,  tri,  tro,  trance,  intrance,  extra,  tre-tri,  expli,  em,  im 
and  pro,      .......         80 

Writing  Exercise  8.     Selections  for  Practice,  .  .  82 

Writing  Exercise  9.     Discovery  of  America — Everett,  .         84 

Writing  Exercise  10.     Word     Omissions,     Intersections     and 

Special  Phrases,  .  .  .  .  .86 

Writing  Exercise  11.     Selections  for  Practice,         .  .  88 

Writing  Exercise  12.     Selections  for  Practice,  .  . .         90 

Writing  Exercise  13.     The     Temperance     Reform — Edward 

Everett,      ...  .    92-94 


B  O  BAKER 

LAVOER 
DALLAS,  TEXAS 


INTRODUCTION. 


APPLICATION  OF  THE  TEEMS  SYSTEM  AND  STYLE. 

The  terms,  system  and  style  as  applied  to  Shorthand,  are  some- 
times used  interchangeably.  In  this  work  a  'system"  of  Shorthand 
"Writing  is  regarded  as  comprising  all  the  various  styles,  modes  or 
degrees  of  contraction,  built  upon  a  given  alphabet  by  a  given 
author. 

The  word  "Style"  relates,  not  to  the  complete  work  of  an  author, 
but  to  any  one  form  or  variation  of  it  which  may  be  adapted  to 
any  specific  purpose. 

In  the  system  of  Takigrafy  we  recognize  two  classes  of  styles 
one  natural  and  necessary,  the  other  subject  to  such  modifications 
as  convenience  may  dictate  in  adapting  it  to  use. 

NATUBAL   STYLES. 

A  natural  style  is  a  natural  development  of  a  system  upon  a 
given  alphabetic  basis. 

The  first  natural  style  which  may  be  called  the  LITERAL  consists 
of  the  joinings  of  the  alphabetic  letters  into  word-forms  without 
modification,  change  or  variation.  Such  a  style  may  be  of  service 
in  teaching  children,  but  is  not  in  actual  use. 

The  second  natural  style  is  built  on  the  basis  of  the  alphabet  as 
supplemented  by  the  compounds  of  the  Qua,  El  Ar  and  Es  series. 
This,  with  little  variation,  forms  what  is  known  as  the  Simple  Style. 

The  third  natural  style  is  based  on  a  further  extension  of  the 
alphabetic  basis,  formed  by  the  addition  of  shortened  and  length- 
ened letters,  final  hooks,  prefix  and  affix  signs,  etc.  This  style 
may  admit  of  a  greater  or  less  number  of  fundamental  stem  signs. 
In  Phonography  the  stem  signs  number  not  far  from  1500.  In  the 
Contracted  Style  of  Takigrafy  the  most  extended  alphabetic  basis 
is  reduced  to  about  500  stem  signs;  though  this  number  is  by  no 
means  fixed,  as  it  can  be  lessened  or  increased,  according  to  the 
d  gree  of  contraction  required,  and  the  object  for  which  the  style 
is  cultivated. 

ACTUAL   STYLES. 

The  styles  in  actual  use  are  based  upon  the  natural  styles,  but 
admit  of  some  variation,  in  the  use  of  a  greater  or  less  number  of 
word-  and  phrase-signs. 

9 


10  A  SHORT  COURSE 

THE   SIMPLE  STYLE. 

The  Simple  Style,  as  used,  has  for  its  basis  the  alphabet  supple- 
mented by  the  signs  of  the  Qua,  El,  Ar  and  Es  series;  and  every 
legitimate  outgrowth  of  this  basis  belongs  to  it.  But  whether  the 
Word-signs  it  employs  shall  number  25,  50  or  100,  is  purely  a 
matter  of  convenience,  and  their  use  or  disuse  does  not  affect  the 
character  of  the  style.  So  in  regard  to  the  use  of  Phrase-signs; 
whether  they  shall  be  used  at  all,  or  if  used,  under  what  restric- 
tions, are  open  questions  that  do  not  affect  the  validity  of  the  style. 

The  style  used  in  this  work  which  may  be  termed  the  Intermedi- 
ate, Amanuensis,  or  Business  Style,  is  built  on  the  same  natural 
basis  as  the  third  "Natural  Style"  described  above;  and  differs 
from  a  full  Reporting  style,  not  so  much  in  the  contractions  which 
form  its  basis,  as  in  the  manner  of  their  use.  The  use  of  half 
length  letters  is  admitted,  but  their  use  is  restricted  principally 
to  their  phonetic  value,  as  expressing  the  union  of  the  sounds 
without  an  intervening  vowel.  The  use  of  lengthened  curves  is 
also  admitted,  but  their  use  is  restricted.  So  this  style  does 
not  differ  radically  from  the  Reporting  Style,  but  is  a  rudimentary, 
and  less  difficult  form  of  that  style;  or  one  in  which  the  contractions 
are  used  in  their  phonetic  value.  This  makes  their  application  as 
natural  and  easy  as  the  use  of  the  Compound  Signs  in  the  Simple 
Style.  The  few  irregular  outlines  can  be  easily  mastered,  and 
one  having  a  perfect  knowledge  of  the  Simple  Style  can  master  the 
Business  Style  in  a  few  weeks. 

In  the  author's  conception  of  the  art,  the  Simple  Style  is  neces- 
sary to  the  Contracted.  The  Simple  Style  embodies  all  general 
principles,  while  the  Contracted  Style  deals  with  special  principles. 
The  Simple  Style  is  an  essential  part  of  the  Contracted,  and  its 
principles  enter  into  the  outlines  of  thousands  of  words  even  in 
the  briefest  style.  It  is  a  great  mistake  to  suppose  that  in  a 
Contracted  style  all  words  are  contracted,  or  that  the  study  of 
contractions  can  ever  be  made  to  take  the  place  of  a  study  of  the 
general  principles  which  form  an  essential  part  of  all  the  Styles  of 
the  art. 

THEORIES  OF  TEACHING. 

To  those  unacquainted  with  the  subject,  it  may  be  necessary  to 
say,  that  two  theories  of  teaching  have  grown  up.  One  theory  of 
late  vigorously  pushed  assumes  that  the  chief  difficulty  in  learning 
the  art  is  in  gaining  the  habit  of  using  certain  word-forms  without 
hesitation,  and  that  this  is  to  be  acquired,  not  through  a  knowledge 
of  principles,  but  through  practice  on  them.  To  reduce  this  labor 
to  a  minimum,  it  aims  to  teach  the  briefest  form  for  each  Y.  ord  at 
its  first  introduction  to  the  student.  This  presents  the  art  to  his 
mind  as  a  system,  of  word-signs,  or  stenographs.  It  is  substan- 
tially the  old  stenographic  method  of  teaching,  which  has  prevailed 
from  time  immemorial.  It  has,  of  course,  some  points  of  merit;  for, 
to  a  certain  extent,  word-signs  are  necessary,  and  those  in  frequent 
use  may  well  be  learned  in  an  early  part  of  the  course. 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  11 

ADVANTAGES   OF   THIS   METHOD   OF   TEACHING. 

The  advantages  claimed  for  this  plan  are: 

1.  That  it  is  easier  to  teach  a  pupil  to  write  a  stenograph  than 
to  tell  him  why  it  is  so  written;  that  the  faculty  of  imitation  is 
more  widely  diffused  among  men,  than  the  ability  to  comprehend 
principles. 

2.  That  the  teacher  saves  time  spent  in  experimentation  by  the 
other  method,  and  need   not  be  troubled  with  the  correction  of 
exercises. 

3.  That  the  student  in  imitating  a  perfect   copy,  is  saved  the 
trouble  of  blundering,  as  he  is  likely  to  d<    it  v>9  attempts  to  apply 
a  principle  instead  of  copying  a  word  form. 

OBJECTIONS   TO   THIS   PJjAM. 

The  objections  to  this  plan  of  teaching  are: 

1.  That  it  lays  no  foundation  for  a  complete  knowledge  of  the 
system. 

2.  Beginning  nowhere  it  ends  nowhere.    All  that  the  student 
acquires  is  a  stenograph  for  a  certain  number  of  words.    Unusual 
wo.  ds,  and  the  universe  of  proper  names  of  persons  and  places,  are 
so  many  stones    of    stumbling,    as  they  can  be  properly  handled 
only  through  a  knowledge  of  principles. 

3.  It  dest  roys  the  essential  principles  of  Takigrafy,  in  destroying 
the  Simple  Style. 

4.  It  arrests  the  true  development  of  the  art  turning  it  back- 
wards towards  its  stenographic  sources. 

5.  It  starts  the  student  on  a  course  of  study  without  method, 
with  the  certainty  that  if  he  ever  acquires  any  reasonable  knowl- 
edge of  principles,  it  will  be  after  years  of  practice,  and  a  great  loss 
of  time  and  effort.    What  the  teacher  gains  the  pupil  loses  by  this 
plan  of  work. 

The  teacher  may  indeed  shirk  his  duty,  but  a  certain  amount  of 
experimentation  on  the  part  of  the  pupil  is  essential  to  any 
knowledge  of  principles,  and  the  Stenographic  method  of  teaching 
does  not  remove  but  simply  postpones  the  difficulty.  This  will  be 
seen  when  we  consider  that  only  a  very  small  part  of  the  world 
of  words  can  ever  be  taught  in  a  course  of  instruction,  and  if  they 
could  be  taught  they  could  not  be  retained  in  the  memory. 

A  KNOWLEDGE  OF  THE  SIMPLE  STYLE  USEFUL  TO  AMANUENSES. 

The  value  of  c  knowledge  of  the  Simple  Style  to  amanuenses 
and  reporters,  as  well  as  other  writers,  is  in  the  fact,  that  by  far 
the  greater  number  of  words  in  the  language  must  be  written  in 
that  style.  The  contractions  apply  to  a  limited  class  of  words; 
while  the  almost  endless  number  of  words  of  infrequent  occurence 
must  be  written  through  a  knowledge  of  the  principles  alone,  not 
through  any  previous  knowledge  of  the  Word  Forms. 

The  theory  of  teaching  which  the  author  has  followed,  and  which 
he  believes  to  be  the  only  theory  through  which  certain  and  speedy 
results  can  be  obtained,  is  to  teach  first  those  principles  which 


12  A  SHORT  COURSE 

apply  to  all  words,  and  to  accustom  the  pupil  to  write  from  a 
knowledge  of  the  principles  of  the  art,  until  he  has  a  command  of 
the  system  as  taught  in  the  Simple  Style.  This  lays  a  broad 
foundation  for  future  requirements,  upon  which  he  can  build  a 
style  more  or  less  contracted  according  to  the  work  which  he  pro- 
poses to  do.  Upon  this  foundation  he  can  erect  his  superstructure, 
and  it  will  stand;  and  having  acquired  what  contractions,  word- 
and  phrase-signs  he  needs,  his  knowledge  is  complete,  harmonious 
and  intellegible.  Should  he  at  any  time  desire,  he  can  add 
other  contractions;  or  should  he  find,  through  change  of  business, 
that  he  does  not  need  the  briefer  style,  he  falls  easily  back  upon 
the  broad  foundation  of  the  Simple  Style,  and  the  art  remains  to 
him  a  sure  possession  for  life;  whereas  the  stenographic  plan  of 
study  above  described,  leaves  him  with  a  style  which  he  cannot 
adapt Jto  new  circumstances;  and  his  acquirements  are  lost;  and 
like  other  stenographers  he  goes  back  to  longhand  writing. 

This  is  not  mere  theory.  The  author  has  taught  hundreds 
of  pupils  according  to  both  methods.  He  has  carefully  noted 
results  through  a  series  of  years,  and  frequently  pupils  who  have 
insisted  on  being  taught  in  a  stenographic  method  have  confessed  in 
after  years  that  they  were  convinced  of  their  error  and  that  they 
had  lost  time  instead  of  gaining  it;  but  he  cannot  recall  one  in- 
stance, in  which  a  pupil  has  regretted  having  learned  thoroughly, 
and  practiced  fully  the  Simple  Style. 

Should  any  student  or  teacher  inquire  how  much  time  should  be 
devoted  to  the  Simple  Style,  I  would  say:  The  more  the  better.  If 
the  student  is  so  situated  that  he  can  spend  one  or  two  years  in 
the  practice  of  the  Simple  Style,  it  will  be  greatly  to  his  advantage. 
In  cases  where  this  cannot  be  done,  where  the  student  is  anxious 
to  acquire  the  art  for  immediate  use  in  amanuensis  work,  he  should 
spend  at  least  two  months  on  the  Simple  Style;  even  if  but  one 
month  remains  for  the  study  of  contractions. 

METHOD  OF  STUDY. 

The  student  should  first  ascertain  whether  he  is  prepared  to  go 
on  with  the  following  work:  Have  you  mastered  the  principles  of 
the  Simple  Style?  Have  you  reduced  them  to  practice  so  as  to 
write  easily,  at  least,  seventy-five  to  eighty  words  a  minute,  and  in 
a  tolerably  correct  manner?  If  you  fall  far  short  of  this  in  speed, 
or  are  not  able  to  apply  the  principles  of  the  style  to  the  formation 
of  good  outlines,  you  can  do  nothing  to  lead  to  a  rapid  and  per- 
manent success  so  well  as  to  go  back  to  the  Exercise  Book  or  the 
Manual,  and  practice  the  principles  of  that  style. 

To  test  the  students  ability  and  to  give  at  the  same  time  a  review 
of  the  Simple  Style  three  test  Exercises  are  given  accompanied  by 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  13 

Keys,*  with  the  speed  in  which  they  should  be  written,  indicated. 

Should  the  student  fail  on  the  first  trial,  let  him  proceed  to 
master  the  word-signs  of  the  Simple  Style  as  given  in  Chapter  1, 
and  with  this  additional  knowledge  try  his  speed  on  these  exercises 
once  more.  If  he  still  falls  short  in  speed  but  is  confident  that  he 
is  correct  in  his  knowledge  of  the  principles  of  the  Simple  Style, 
l<-t  him  take  up  the  alphabet  drill  and  persevere  in  it  day  by  day 
until  he  can  write  the  entire  alphabet,  vowels  and  consonants,  in 
ten  seconds.  He  will  also  in  connection  with  this  practice  take  up 
the  consonant  joinings  as  given  on  pages  19  to  25,  devoting  fifteen 
to  twenty  minutes  or  more  every  day  to  the  exercise.  He  should 
attend  especially  to  the  joinings  of  the  short  vocals  and  the  table 
of  consonant  joinings  given  on  page  28.  Vocal  joinings  should  be 
written  as  read  by  some  one  employed  to  dictate  them;  but  the 
consonant  joinings  can  be  repeated,  writing  the  same  outline  as 
many  times  as  possible  in  a  minute  or  half  a  minute  at  a  time. 

It  will  be  found  that  such  joinings  as  Be-Te,  Te-Be,  can  be  writ- 
ten a  hundred  and  twenty-five  to  a  hundred  and  fifty  times  in  a 
minute,  and  such  combinations  as  Ish-La,  Ish-En,  Ma-Ith,  etc., 
in  which  no  angle  occurs,  two  hundred  times  and  upward  in  a 
minute.  This  kind  of  practice  should  be  continued  for  weeks  de- 
voting a  short  time  each  day  to  the  excercise. 

These  drills  may  accompany  the  study  of  the  Student's  style, 
when  the  student  is  prepared  to  enter  upon  it.  His  lack  of  speed 
will  in  many  cases  be  found  to  be  owing  to  his  previous  neglect 
of  these  and  the  alphabet  drills,  and  nothing  more  may  be  neces- 
sary to  enable  himlto  reach  the  test  proposed  above. 

STUDY   OF  THE   BUSINESS  STYLE. 

After  the  student  has  passed  the  test,  and  has  been  duly  admit- 
ted into  the  study  of  the  style  given  in  this  work,  he  should  proceed 
in  the  order  of  the  exercises  laid  down,  determined  to  carry  each 
point  with  him  as  he  proceeds;  for  he  has  now  reached  a  point  in 
which  theory  must  yield  to  practice.  Avoid  the  slovenly  habit  of 
a  mixed  style  in  which  the  word  and  phrase  signs  of  the  simple 
style  are  used  with  variations.  This  may  be  well  enough  for  the 
teacher  whose  business  it  is  to  go  back  continually  to  elementary 
principles,  but  not  for  the  student  who  wishes  to  gain  speed.  Use 
the  forms  given  in  the  tables  always  and  everywhere;  and  when  a 

*In  case  the  student  has  learned  forms  of  contraction  not  used  in  the 
Simple  Style,  this  test  of  speed  should  be  made  in  the  style  to  which  he 
is  accustomed.  It  would  nor,  be  advisable  for  him  to  endeavor  to  con- 
form his  style  to  the  forms  given  in  the  engraved  Key  in  such  a  case. 


14  A  SHORT  COURSE 

new  form  is  learned  bring  it  into  practice  and  use  it.  Go  no 
farther,  nor  faster  than  you  can  go  in  this  way.  By  following  this 
plan  you  will  gain  in  speed  and  ability  with  each  succeding  chapter. 
If,  after  spending  a  week  or  two  on  these  drills,  and  on  a  review 
of  such  features  of  the  Simple  style  as  may  require  it.  the  student 
still  finds  himself  unable  to  reach  the  speed  indicated,  there  must 
be  some  difficulty  either  in  his  manner  of  working,  or  in  his  knowl- 
edge of  the  style  which  should  be  sought  out  and  remedied. 

TWO   METHODS   OF  STUDY. 

Having  entered  upon  the  study  of  the  Business  style  in  Chapter 
II,  two  courses  lie  open  to  the  teacher  and  pupil;  he  can  write  the 
exercises  from  the  type  key  without  any  previous  study  of  the  en- 
graving, and  then  compare  his  work  with  the  engraved  page;  or  he 
can  first  study  the  engraving,  and  copy  it  preparatory  to  writing  it 
from  dictation.  In  either  case,  he  can  make  his  knowledge  of  the 
exercise  practical  only  by  drilling  on  it.  After  the  word  forms  have 
been  learned,  so  that  he  can  write  them  correctly  and  readily,  he 
should  have  the  exercises  read  to  him  several  times  over,  until  he 
can  reach  the  speed  mentioned  at  the  bottom  of  the  exercise. 
Those  exercises  in  which  no  speed  is  marked  should  also  be  written, 
not  however  with  reference  to  speed,  but  with  special  reference  to 
correctness  of  outline.  Every  other  exercise  in  Chapter  II,  and 
every  third  exercise  in  Chapter  III,  are  of  this  character,  and  are 
designed  to  teach  the  principles  of  the  art  through  examples.  The 
remaining  exercises  .are  designed  to  teach  pupils  to  apply  the  prin- 
ciples in  writing. 

Where  the  length  of  the  course  admits  of  it,  it  will  be  well  to 
pause  after  every  half  dozen  lessons  and  writ%  other  exercises  of 
suitable  character,  as  a  further  test  of  the  knowledge  of  the  princi- 
ples studied.  How  much  time  should  be  spent  in  this  way  will 
depend  upon  the  amount  of  time  which  the  pupil  can  command 
for  the  study. 

LENGTH  OF  COURSES  OF  STUDY. 

This  leads  to  the  observation  that  the  courses  of  instruction  in 
our  shorthand  schools  are  too  short.  The  teacher  who  attempts 
to  teach  the  art  in  three  months  time,  must  omit  many  things  that 
should  be  taught.  While  it  remains  true  that  Takigrafy  is  vastly 
simpler  than  the  old  phonography  and  can  be  taught  in  much  less 
time,  still  we  should  avoid  the  superficiality  common  among  phon- 
ographers.  They  have  filled  the  country  with  incompetent  stenog- 
raphers through  the  imperfections  of  their  styles,  and  their  method 
of  training.  AVe  owe  it  to  ourselves,  to  our  pupils  and  to  the  art, 
to  set  them  an  example  of  more  thorough  preparation.  We  have 


IX  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  15 

done  something  in  this  direction,  but  not  enough.  Our  courses  of 
study  should  be  extended  from  three  and  four  to  five  and  six 
months.  The  student  can  well  afford  to  spend  an  extra  month  or 
two  on  his  preparatory  course,  as  it  will  result  in  most  cases,  in 
increased  salary,  and  more  permanent  success. 

Pupils  sometimes  come  back  for  a  second  course  after  two  or 
three  years  practice  of  the  art,  and  in  every  instance,  so  far  as  I 
have  observed,  take,  from  that  time,  a  higher  position  with  enlarged 
remuneration.  Let  onr  competing  schools  aim  at  surpassing  each 
other,  not  in  the  shortness,  but  in  the  thoroughness  of  their  courses;  or 
if  some  pupils  are  forced,  by  want  of  means,  to  realize  on  small 
investments  in  instruction,  let  them  follow  a  partial  course  with 
the  express  understanding  that  the  art  is  still  beyond  them,  and 
that  they  have  still  much  to  do  to  make  themselves  masters  of  it. 

NEW  PRINCIPLES. 

The  new  Alphabet  as  given  in  the  Exercise  Book  is  used  in  this 
work.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  changes  made  are  not  so  great  as  to 
hinder  its  use  by  those  who  have  commenced  with  the  older  works. 

The  treatment  of  the  prefix  signs  for  cam  and  con  is  the  only 
change  in  general  principles  introduced,  but  the  student  will  find 
many  new  forms  of  words  and  phrases  which  have  come  into  use 
since  the  publication  of  the  older  works.  A  few  phrases  have  been 
taken  from  The  Amanuensis,  compiled  by  Mr.  Kimball,  for  which 
the  author  would  make  suitable  acknowledgements;  but  he  has 
not  endeavored  to  copy  the  outlines  taught  in  that  work,  or  in  the 
Hand  Book,  however  desirable  for  the  sake  of  uniformity  such  a 
course  might  have  been,  A  uniform  system  of  outlines  is  doubtless 
important,  but  it  is  not  so  important  as  it  is  that  the  art  should  be 
free  to  grow  un trammeled,  putting  forth  its  branches  freely,  to  be 
trimmed  into  beauty  and  harmony  at  a  later  period;  when  time  and 
larger  experience  shall  demonstrate  the  comparative  value  of  the 
various  forms  thus  introduced. 


A    SHORT    COOR8E 


10 


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A  SHORT  COURSE  IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND. 


CHAPTEK  1. 
REVIEW  OF  THE  SIMPLE  STYLE. 

DRILLS  FOR  SPEED. 

1,    Alphabet   Drill;   2,   Vocal  Joinings;   3,  Consonant  Joinings. 

These  Drills  should  be  made  to  occupy  twenty  minutes  every 
working  day,  or  about  one-twentieth  of  the  time  devoted  to  the  art. 

Speed  attainable.  On  the  alphabet — The  entire  alphabet  in  ten 
seconds,  or  less.  The  initial  and  final  compounds  (Sec.  3 ),  in  seven- 
teen seconds.  The  signs  given  in  Section  4,  in  one  minute. 

This  page  contains  the  entire  alphabetic  basis  of  the  simple 
style,  with  many  of  the  compounds  repeated.  Excluding  repetitions, 
there  are  only  one  hundred  compound  signs,  which,  added  to  the 
forty-four  letters,  make  only  one  hundred  and  forty-four  signs  as  the 
alphabetic  basis  of  this  style. 


THE  ALPHABET  OF  LINDSLEY'S  PHONETIC  SHORTHAND. 
(See  engraving  on  opposite  page. ) 
SEC.  1. — ALPAHBETICAL  DRILLS. 

I CONSONANTS. 

B  P  D  T  GA  K  J  CHA  V  F  Z  S  THE  ITH  ZHE 
ISH  THA  ATH  N  ING  M  L  YA  R  WA  HA  WHA. 

II VOCALS. 

A  AI  a  at  AH;  E  et  it;  OO  oot;  O  ut;  AU  ot;  I OI EW  OU. 

Ill COMPOUNDS  OF  THE  EL,  AR,  AND  QUA  SERIES. 

Initial:  Bla  pla  gla  kla  fla.  Bra  pra  dra  tra  gra  kra 
fra  shra  thra  qua  dwa  twa. 

Final:  Bui  pul  dul  tul  gul  kul  vul  ful  zhul  shul  nul. 
Ber  per  der  ter  ger  ker  ver  fer  zher  sher  ther  ther  mer  ner. 

IV COMPOUNDS  OF  THE  CIRCLE  SERIES. 

Initial,  vocal  excluded:  Spe  ste  ske  sfe  sme  sne  sla  sle 
swa.  Spre  stre  skre. 

Final,  vocal  excluded:  Ebs  eps  eds  ets  egs  eks  evs  efs 
eths  etlis  aths  aths  ence  enz  engs  ems  else  els  ers  erz. 

Initial,  vocal  included:  Sub  sup  sud  sut  sug  suk  suv  suf 
suz  sus  suth  suth  suzh  sush  suth  suth  sun  sung  sum  sul  sul  sur. 

Final,  vocal  included:  Bus  pus  dus  tus  gus  kus  vus 
fus  zus  sus  thus  thus  zhus  shus  jus  chus  nus  mus  lus  yus 
rus  wus  bus. 

17 


18 


A    SHOBT ' COURSE 


7     L  L  .  .  _ 


C.  C- 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  19 

Final,  vocal  included:  Blus  plus  glus  klus  flus.  Brus 
prus  drus  trus  grus  krus  frus  thrus. 

Final,  vocal  excluded:  Buls  puls  duls  tuls  guls  kuls 
vuls  fuls  zhuls  shuls  nuls  quuls. 

Bers  pers  ders  ters  gers  kers  vers  fers  zhers  shers  thers 
thers  mers  ners  quers. 

Initial,  vocal  included:  Ques,  dwes,  twes. 

SEC.  2. — THE  JOININGS  OF  VOCAL  AND  CONSONANTAL  SIGNS. 

In  the  table  of  joinings  given  on  the  preceding  page, 
the  variations  of  the  vocal  signs  are  given  as  nearly  as  possible  in  the 
order  of  the  frequency  of  their  occurence.  It  will  be  understood  that 
the  form  of  the  vocal  is  determined  by  the  convenience  of  joining 
with  the  letter  that  follows,  as  well  as  the  letter  that  precedes  it. 

The  tables  wil  serve  a  double  use;  as  models  of  accuracy,  and 
drills  for  speed.  The  student  should  first  copy  them  with  care  from 
the  engraved  page,  and  then  write  them  as  dictated  from  the  typic 
part  by  the  reader.  Eepeat  the  drill  until  the  tables  can  be  written 
with  accuracy  and  rapidity. 

SEC.  3.    PRIMARY    LONG   VOCALS. 

(Key  to  the  opposite  page.) 

Be  be.  Pe  pe.  De  de.  Te  te.  Ge  ge.  Ke  ke.  Je  je. 
Che  che.  Ve  ve.  Fe  fe.  Ze  ze.  Se  se.  The  the  the.  Zhe. 
she.  Ne.  Me  me.  Le.  Ye.  Ke.  We  we.  He  he.  Whe. 

2.  Ble  ble.    Pie  pie.    Gle  gle.    Kle  kle.  "Fie.    Bre  bre. 
Pre  pre.    Dre  dre.    Tre  tre.    Gre  gre.    Kre  kre.    Fre.   Shre. 
Thre.    Spe.    Ste  ste.   Ske  ske.    Sfe  sfe.  Sme  sme.    Sne.    Sle. 
Swe  swe.    Que.    Twe. 

3.  Ba  ba.    Pa  pa.    Da  aa  da.     Ta  ta  ta.    Ga  ga.  VKa 
Kate.   Ja  ja.    Cha  cha.     Va  va.    Fa  fa.     Za.     Sa.    Zha  zha. 
Sha  shade.    Na  na.    Ma  ma.    La.    Ya.    Ba  ra.    Wa  wa.    Ha 
ha.    Wha. 

4.  Bla  bla.     Pla  pla.     Gla  gla.     Kla  kla.     Fla.    Bra 
bra.    Pra  pra.    Dra  dra  dra.    Tra  tra  tra.  Gra  gra.  Kra  kra. 
Fra.    Thra.    Shra,     Spa  spa.     Sta  sta.    Ska  ska.     Sna  sna. 
Sla.     Swa  swa.    Qua  qua  qua.    Twa. 

5.  Spre  spre.     Spra  spra.     Stre  stre.     Stra  stra  stra. 
Skre  skre.    Skra  skra. 

6.  Be  ba.    Pe  pa.    De  da.    Te  ta.    Ge  ga.    Ke  ka.    Ve 
ya.   Fe  fa.    Ze  za.    Se  sa.   The  tha.    The  tha.   Zhe  zha.    She 
Sha.    Ne  na.    Me  ma.    Le  la.    Ye  ya.    Ke  ra.    We  wa.    He 
ha.    Whe  wha. 


20 


A    SHORT    COURSE 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  21 

SEC.  4. — SECONDARY  LONG  VOCALS. 

7.  Boo   poo  doo  too  goo    koo    joo  choo  voo   foo   zoo 
HOO  thoo  t hoo  zhoo  shoo  noo  moo  inoo  loo  loo  yoo  roo  woo  hoo. 

Bo  po  to  do  go  ko  jo  cho  vo  fo  vo  fo  zo  so  tho  tlio  zho  sho 
mo  no  no  lo  lo  yo  ro  ro  wo  wo  ho  who.  Ban  pan  dan  tan 
gau  kau  jau  chau  van  fan  zau  sau  than  than  zhau  shau  man 
man  nau  lau  lau  yau  rau  wan  hau. 

8.  Bloo,  ploo,  gloo,  kloo  floo.     Broo,  proo  droo  troo  groo 
kroo  froo  shroo  throo.     Bio  plo  glo  klo  no.     Bro  pro  dro  tro 
gro  kro  fro  shro  thro  quo.    Blau  plan  glau  klau  flan.    Bran 
prau  dran  trau  gran  krau  frau  shrau  thrau  quau. 

9.  Boo  bo  ban.     Bloo   bio   blau.     Broo  bro  bran.     Poo 
po  pan.     Ploo  plo   plan.      Proo   pro  prau.     Doo   do   dan. 
Droo  dro  drau.     Too  to  tan.     Troo  tro  trau.     Goo  go  gau. 
Koo  ko  kail.     Gloo   glo   glau.     Groo   gro   gran.     Cloo  clo 
clan.     Croo  cro  crau.     Voo  vo  vau.     Foo  fo  fan.     Floo  flo 
flan.     Froo  fro  frau.     Shoo  sho  shau.     Shroo  shro  shrau. 
Joo  jo  jau.     Choo  cho   chau.     Zoo   zo   zau.     Soo  so  sau. 
Thoo  tho  thau.    Thoo  tho  than.    Throo  thro  thrau.    Moo  mo 
man.     Noo  no  nan.     Loo  lo  lau.    Yoo  yo  yau.     Boo  ro  rau. 
"Woo  wo  wan.  Hoo  ho  hau.  Spoospospau.  Sproo  spro  sprau. 
Stoo  sto  stau.     Stroo   stro   strau.     Skoo   sko  skau.     Skroo 
skro  skrau.     Smoo  smo  sman.      Snoo  sno  snau.     Sloo  slo 
slau.     Swoo  swo  swan. 

10.  By  py  dy  ty  gy  ky  jy  chy  vy  fy  shy  zy  sy  thy  thy 
my  ny  ly  ry  hy  why.     Bew  pew  dew  tew  gew  kew  jew  chew 
vew  few  shew  zew  sew  thew  mew  new  lew  rew  hew.     Boi 
poi  doi  toi  goi  koi  joy  choi  voi  foi  soi  noi  hoi.    "Bow  pow  dow 
tow  gow  cow  jow  chow   vow  fow   BOW  now  how.     Bly  blew 
blou.     Ply  plew  plou.     Gli  glew  glou.     Kli  klew  klou.    Fly 
flew  flou.    Bry  brew  brou.    Pry  prew  prou.    Gry  grew  grou. 
Cry  crew  crou.     Fry  frew  frou. 

REM.  It  has  not  been  the  custom  of  the  author  to  spend  as 
much  time  in  drilling  on  the  long-vocal  joinings  as  on  the  short 
ones,  but  they  should  not  be  wholly  neglected.  The  great  burden 
of  work,  in  these  drills,  should  be  put  on  the  alphabet  page,  and  on 
the  short-vocal  joinings.  Still  the  teacher  should  see  that  the  pupil 
can  write  all  the  combinations  given  with  perfect  facility.  A  word 
cannot  be  written  rapidly  until  the  syllables  of  which  it  is  composed 
can  be  so  written ;  and  great  care  has  been  taken  in  selecting  the 
combinations,  given  in  the  preceding  exercises,  to  give  only  those 
which  actually  form  some  part  of  an  English  word. 


22 


A    SHORT    COURSE 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  23 

SEC.  5. — SHORT  VOCAL  JOININGS. 

1.  Ab   ap  ad  at   ag   ak   aj    ach   av  af   azh   ash  az  as 
ath  ath  ara  an  ang  al  ar.     Eb  ep  ed  et  eg  ek  ej  ech  ev  ef  ez 
es  eth  eth  em  en  eng  el  er.     Ib  ip  id  it  ig  ik  ij  ich  iv  if  izh 
ish  iz  is  ith  ith  im  in  ing  il  ir. 

2.  Ab  eb  ib.     Ap  ep  ip.     Ad  ed  id.    At  et  it.    Ag  eg  ig. 
Ak  ek  ik.  Aj  ej  ij.  Ach  ech  ich.  Av  ev  iv.  Af  ef  if.  Az  ez  iz. 
As  es  is.  Azh  ezh  izh.  Ash  esh  ish.  Ath  eth  ith.  Ath  eth  ith. 
Am  em  im.  An  en  in.  Ang  eng  ing.  Al  el  il.  Ar  er  ir. 

3.  Ob  op  og  ok  od  ot  oj  och  ov  of  oz  os  oth  oth  oth  oth 
ozh  osh  om  on  ong  ol  ol  or  or.     Ub  up  ud  ut  usr  uk  uj  uch 
uv  uf  uzh  ush  uth  uth  um  un  ling  ul  ur.     Oob  oop  ood  oot 
oog  ook  ooj  ooch  oov  oof  oozh  oosh  ooz  oos  ooth  ooth  oom 
oon  oong  ool  oor. 

SEC.  6. — SHORT   INTERMEDIATE    VOCA.I.    JOININGS. 

1.  Bob    pop     bog   pock    bosh    both    bomb    bon    bol 
bod  pot  boss  bor  gob  cop  cog  cock  cod  cot  coz  goth  con  cong 
col  koj  top  dock  tog  dot  tot  dof  toss  torn  ton  dong  fob  fop 
fog  fon  f ol  shop  shock  shod  shot  sob  sop  sog  sock  sod  sot  sol 
mob  mop  mod  mol  lop  lock  lot  lodge  lorn  Ion  lor  rod  rot  roth 
rom  rol  hod  hot  wad. 

2.  Bab  bib  bat  bet  bit  back  beck  pick  baf  bif  bash   bish 
path  pith  pam  pern  pirn  pan  pen  pin  pal  pel  pil  par  per  pir 
tap  tip  tat  tit  tack  tick  taf  tif  dash  dish  das  des  dis  tas  tes 
tis  dath  deth  dith  dam  dern  dim  dan  den  din  tan  ten  tin  dal 
del  dil  tal  tel  til  dar  der  dir  tar  ter  tir  bear  pear  dare  tare 
gare  care  fair  share  their  mare  ne'er  ware  hair  rare: 

3.  Gap  gip  cap  kip  gat  git  cat  kit  gag  gig  gaf  gif  caf 
gash  cash  gas  gness  kiss  Gath  geth  kith  gam  gem  gim  cam 
kem  kim  gan  gen  gin  can  ken  kin  gal  gel  gil  cal  kel  kil  car 
ger.  Chap  chip  chat  chit  Jack  chick  chaff  jam  jem  Jim  Jan. 
jen  jin. 

4.  Fab  fib  fad  fid  fed  fag  fig  fash  fish  fam  fern  fan  fen 
fin  fal  fel  fil  far  fir  shab  shap  shad  shat  shag  shack   shav 
shaf  sham  shan  shib  ship  shiv  shif  sheb  shep  shed  shet  shev 
shef  shem  shel  sher  sip  sit  sick  sif   sis  sith  sim  sin   sir  sil 
map  mip  mat   mit  mag  mig  mif  mish  math  mith  man   min 
mal  mil  mar  mir  nap  nat  nack  naf   nash   nas  nath  nam  nan 
nal  nar  lap  lip  Jat  lit  lack  lick  laf  lif  las  lis  lath  lash  lith  lam 


A    SHORT    COUKSE 
I 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  25 

lem  lira  Ian  lin  lar  lir  rap  rip  rat  rit  rack  rag  rig  raf  rif  rash 
ris  rath  rith  ram  rein  rim  ran  rin  rang  ring  ral  rel  ril  ril. 

SEC.  7. — LONG  INTERMEDIATE,  VOCAL  JOININGS. 

1.  Peep  peak  beat  beef  peace  breathe  bean  beam  peal  peer. 
Deep  teak  deed  tease  teethe  deem  dean  deal  dear.  Keep  Greek 
keyed  geese  cream  green  keel  gear.      Phebe  freak  feed  fees 
fleece  feel.  Sheep  shiek  sheet  sheaf  sheath  sheen  sheer  fear, 
seek  seat  receive  seethe  seem  seen  seal  seer  thief  theme.  Meet 
meek  mean  meal  mere.  Need  knees  near  neal. 

2.  Leap  lead  league  leaf  lease  lean  leal  lear.  Reap  reek 
read  reef  wreath   ream  reel   rear.   Weep  weed  weak   weave 
wheeze  wean  weal.  Heap  heed  heave  heath  heal  hear. 

3.  Babe  bade  bake  page  pave  pain  pail.  Tape  take  date 
stave  days  dame  Dane  dale.   Cape  gate  cake  cage  cave  came 
Cain  gale.  Vague  vain  veil.  Shape  shade  shake  shave  shame 
shale  sake  safe  same  sane  sail.    Mate  make  maize  maim  main 
mail.  Nail  nape  snake  nave  naze  name  nation.  Labor  lade  lake 
lave  lays  lathe  lame  lane.  Rape  rate  rake  rave  raise  rain  rail. 
Yale  hail  wail  hate  Hague  weight. 

4.  Boost  booth  boom    boon   pool  poor   poach  post   poet 
poem  pore  pawn  pall.     Toad  dote   dove  dose  tome  tole  tore 
taught  talk  tall.  Coop  goose  cool.  Gawk   caught   cause  gall 
gone.    Fool  soup  loop  loom  loon.     Vote  four  foal  shoat  shoal 
shore  mote  .more  note  knoll  load  lore  wrote  roach  rove  rose 
roar  moth  naught  wroth  wrought  laud. 

SEC.  8. — EXPLANATION  OF  THE  QUA  AND  TRIPHTHONG  SERIES. 

1.  The  triphthongs,    spr  scr  sir,  are   written  with  special  signs, 
as  given  in  the  alphabet  page.     When   these   signs  occur  medially 
and  are  followed  by  a  stroke   in   the  same  direction,  the  hook  need 
not  appear.     In  other  cases  the  hook  shad  be  seen.     In  some  cases 
the  long  sign  is  preferable. 

2.  The  Wa  or  Qua  signs,   explained  in  the   Exercise  Book,  are 
also  given  on  the  alphabet  page. 

Examples  of  the  use  of  the  signs  will  be  found  in  the  tables  of 
joinings  and  in  the  test  exercises  which  follow. 

The  consonant  joinings  on  page  28  need  no  Key,  but  we  add 
here  a  Key  to  page  29. 


A    SHORT    COURSE 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  27 

SEC.  9. — TABLE  OF  WORD  AND  PHRASE-SIGNS. 

1.     Words  of  one  syllable  in  which  the  vocal  is  omitted: 
Be  been  go  come  can  do  done  to  true  for  form  from  ever  she 
shall  is  so  us  they  through  thus  those  am  may  man  many  on 
own  or  are  our  we  were  was  you  your  he  her  where. 
*2.     Words  of  one  syllable  written  with  vocal  signs: 
A  aye  have  ah !  ye  in  who  all  eye  high  why  how  out. 
.3.     Words  written  with  contracted  vocals: 
*  By  boy  thy  thou  my  any  now  new  anew  few  allow. 
\/      4.     Word -signs  variously  contracted: 

As  could  should  that  what  had  would  will  which  and,  etc., 
head  him  hath  home  has  does  said  says  some  same  seen  this 
these  then  men  one  once. 
^       5.     Derivative  word-signs: 

Been  being  upon  going  doing  unto  into  whose  whom  also 
although  always  having  thence  thine  throughout  within 
without  himself  yourself  herself  newness  fewness  allowance 
whichever  whichsoever  whoever  whosoever  whosesoever 
whomsoever  however  howsoever  wherever  wheresoever 
whatever  whatsoever  inform  deform  reform  forming 
formality  informal  informality  reformatory. 
r  6.  Phrase  Signs: 

I  have,  I  have  been,  we  have  been,  they  have,  they  have 
not,  they  would  be,  we  would  have  been,  we  should  be,  I 
can,  I  could,  I  do,  I  did,  I  shall,  I  am,  as  well  as,  as  soon 
as,  at  last,  at  once,  by  chance,  do  they,  to  be,  to  have  been, 
to  some,  to  which,  for  these,  for  this,  for  which,  for  his,  no 
one,  any  one,  nowhere,  anywhere,  this  is,  this  was,  this  will 
1)0,  in  some,  in  the  same,  in  this,  once  more,  forever,  for- 
evermore,  forasmuch,  forasmuch  as,  for  some,  for  many,  for 
me,  for  thenly  from  them,  from  this  time,  from  such. 

FIRST  TEST  EXERCISE. 

1.  They  came  home  long  ago,  not  having  been  absent 
more  than  one  month.  Do  they  hope  to  form  a  company  ? 
From  whence  come  those  huzzas  ?  They  will  show  them 
their  error.  Many  a  man  will  eagerly  grasp  the  chance. 
On  no  account  neglect  duty. 

"Earth  loses  thine  image  forever  and  aye, 
Oh  sailor  boy,  sailor  boy,  peace  to  thy  souL" 


A     SHORT    COURSE 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  31 

2.  Oh !  how  few  and  fleeting  are  the  days  of  youth !  how 
soon  they  fly  away !  Come  let  us  anew  our  journey  pursue. 
They  said  they  neither  could,  would,  nor  should  perform  the 
task  assigned  them.  With  what  unseemly  haste  did  the 
deputy  proceed.  Follow  the  perfections  of  your  enemies 
rather  than  the  errors  of  your  friends.  Law  should  not 
be  the  rich  man's  luxury,  but  the  poor  man's  remedy.  With 
the  many  life  is  one  round  of  unceasing  toil.  ID  the 
solemn  silence  of  the  mind  are  formed  those  great  resolu- 
tions which  decide  the  fate  of  men.  Through  the  dim  veil 
of  the  visible,  and  perishing,  we  get  a  glimpse  of  the  vast 
significance  of  the  unseen  and  eternal.  Till  we  can  go  alone 
we  must  lean  on  the  hand  of  a  guide.  From  the  little 
stock  of  a  few  letters,  science  has  spread  branches  over  all 
nature.  That  which  you  have  to  do,  try  to  do  well.  He 
who  hopes  for  the  prize  should  labor  to  obtain  it.  Persever- 
ing industry  and  patient  toil  win  golden  harvests. 

238  words  to  be  written  in  2  minutes  and  50  second^  and  reduced 
to  2  minutes  and  20  seconds. 

SECOND  TEST  EXERCISE. 

1.  We  clasify  the  rocks  into  stratified  and  unstratified. 
He  gave  express  directions  and  discreet  counsels.  To  him 
that  hath  shall  be  given  and  he  shall  have  more  abundantly, 
but  from  him  that  hath  not  shall  be  taken,  even  that  which 
he  seemeth  to  have.  They  stroll  through  the  streets  and 
by  the  side  of  the  stream.  They  stray  on  the  beach  and  enjoy 
the  spray  of  the  sea.  Spread  thy  sails,  O  ship,  and  speed 
away.  Ascribe  majesty  to  the  Most  High.  Inscribe  this 
maxim  on  thy  heart.  A  scribe  should  be  a  ready  writer. 
WTe  read  of  those  who  quenched  the  violence  of  fire ;  out  of 
weakness  were  made  strong;  waxed  valiant  in  fight,  and 
turned  to  flight  the  armies  of  the  aliens.  As  soon  as  thf-y 
arrive  we  will  inform  you  of  the  fact.  They  have  often 
sought,  as  we  have  done,  to  fathom  the  depth  of  this 
mystery.  They  ought  to  have  been  informed  of  this  meas- 
ure in  time.  Wherever  we  go  we  see  little  to  exalt,  much 
to  depress.  No  one  is  so  much  alone  in  the  world  as  he 
who  denies  God. 


A    BHORT    COtTRSE 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  33 

3.  When  pride  cometh,  then  cometh  shame,  but  with  the 
lowly  is  wisdom.  Beauty  haunts  the  depths  of  the  earth 
and  sea,  and  gleams  out  in  the  hues  of  the  shell  and 
precious  stone.  Such  is  the  course  of  nature  that  whoever 
lives  long  must  outlive  those  whom  he  loves.  What  thou 
forbiddest  us  that  will  we  shun  and  abhor,  what  thou  com- 
mandest  us  that  will  we  love  and  pursue. 

251  words  to  be  written  in  3  minutes  and  reduced  to  2*4  minutes. 

A  student  who  has  a  fair  command  of  the  simple  style  should  be 
able  to  write  these  test  exercises  substantially  as  given  on  pages 
30,  32  and  34,  at  an  average  rate  of  90  words  a  minute. 
The  engraved  pages  may  be  regarded  as  a  standard  of  the 
simple  style  and  the  student  should  be  able  to  write  forms  at  least 
as  briefly  as  those  given.  If,  however,  he  has  learned  other  word 
signs  or  contractions  he  need  not  hesitate  to  use  them.  He  can 
safely  retain  any  legitimate  form  of  contraction  which  he  may  have 
previously  acquired. 

In  case  he  should  find  his  speed  grossly  deficient  or  that  he  is  not 
familiar  with  the  forms  of  contraction  used  in  the  simple  style  he 
cannot  do  better  than  to  take  up  some  elementary  work,  and 
perfect  himself  in  that  style  before  proceeding  furthe 

THIRD  TEST  EXERCISE. 
1.    THE  DOG  IN  THE  MANGER. 

A  surly  dog  had  made  his  way 
To  a  low  manger  filled  with  hay; 
Here  coiled  him  down,  the  lazy  elf, 
And  thought  of  no  one  but  himself. 

Hay,  corn  and  fodder  neath  his  paw, 
Were  not  for  his  rapacious  maw. 
At  last,  in  came  the  hungry  cow, 
Eager  to  eat  the  well  filled  mow. 

The  barking  dog  would  not  give  way, — 
"Come,"  quoth  the  cow,  "is  this  your  bay? 
You  cannot  live  on  cattle's  food, 
Nor  is  it  for  dog 's  nature  good. 

"I've  wandered  long,  and  now  I'm  tired; 
Nor  can  I  eat  till  you've  retired." — 
In  vain  she  begged ;  the  selfish  dog 
Lay  in  the  manger  like  a  log. 

He  sought  to  use  the  rack  in  vain, 
And  took  delight  in  other's  pain. — 
At  last,  with  well  directed  horn, 
The  cow  soon  tossed  him  from  the  corn. 


A    SHORT    COtTRSE 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  35 

2.    THE  MESSIAH,  His  COMING  AXD  KINGDOM. 

He  comes,  with  succor  speedy, 

To  those  who  suffer  wrong; 
To  help  the  poor  and  needy, 

And  bid  the  weak  be  strong. 

He  shall  come  down  like  showers 

Upon  the  fruitful  earth, 
And  love  and  joy,  like  flowers, 

Spring  in  his  path  to  birth; 

Before  him,  on  the  mountains, 

Shall  peace,  the  herald,  go, 
And  righteousness  in  fountains 

From  hill  to  valley  flow. 

Kings  shall  fall  down  before  him, 

And  gold  and  incense  bring; 
All  nations  shall  adore  him ; 

His  praise  all  people  sing; 

For  he  shall  have  dominion 

O'er  river,  sea  and  shore, 
Far  as  the  eagle's  pinion 

Or  dove's  light  wing  can  soar. 

238  words  to  be  written  in  2}£  minutes  and  reduced  to  2  minutes. 


86 


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CHAPTER  IL 

GENERAL  CONTEACTIONS. 
SEC.  1.    ADDITIONAL  WORD  SIGNS. 

1.  Brief  signs  are  given  in  the  table  for  the  words  the,  of,  his  and 
he,  and  ticks  for  the  initial  h  and  final  y. 

2.  The  brief  signs  for  these  words  are  not  as  available  in  the 
Simple  Style,  because  the  tick  and  vocal  signs  used  for  the,  he  and 
of,  are  too  fine  for  that  style,  and  it  is  desired  to  distinguish  between 
the  has  and  his. 

3.  The  tick  for  the  should  be  always  joined.     It  generally  ends 
the  phrase,  but  it  may  commence  it  or  stand  medial.     See  page  36, 
Nos.  3  and  4. 

(Key  to  opposite  page.) 

WRITING  EXCEECISE  1. 

ADDITIONAL  WORD  AND  PHRASE-SIGNS. 

1.     Above  object  bill  brother  subject  establish  busines  but  board 
happy  happen  opinion  principle  special  stipulate  gtwe  giiiia 

••  altogether  glory   signify   significance    begin  began  < 

account  according  iniquity  school  secretary  etottnvmlready  advertise  ^  /  // 

/  4 


address  take  taken  tell  till  almighty  general  generation  each 
dwell  ViptwAPn  ^firy  flvrrig?  ^^a»;»g^^oi1jQOQxr^T.oi  v.^ip^^/^^g^  satisfy 
fall  full  foIlowQtdvantage  advantageouaJpleasure  sure  assure  official 
thence  think  thing'  thanlc  thanks  important  importance  unless 
'England  English  alone  whole  while  whilst  large  least  last  first 
most  must  reply  rule  with  your  yours  United  States,  yesterday, 
employ  when  whence  hence  he  of  has  the  heart. 

2.  Believe  belief  objective  benevolent  benevolence  subjective 
benignant  public  publish  applicable  popular  purpose  probable  proper 
perhaps  prospect  peculiar  pecuniary  practice  Post  Office,  perfect 
prerogative  executive  begun  captain  expect  collect  correct  cashier 
economy  character  characteristic  doctor  doctrine  descrepancy  dis- 
tinguish displeasure  together  testify  testimony  telegraph~*eternal 
chapter  Vice  President,  whensoever  volume  everything  overcharge 
overwhelm  Saviour  figure  forsake  favor  sufficient  falsehood  thanks- 
giving imperfect  immediate  magazine  manufacture  manufacturer  •/ 
memoranda  memorandum  something  number  neglect  never  neverthe- 
less November  notwithstanding  anything  honorable  like  life  language 
represent  representative  republic  republish  repugnant  respect  respec- 
tive respectively  regular  regularly  reverend  remark  resemble  univer- 
salunifonn  useful  employed  employing  employer  employee  beyond. 

37 


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U  V 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  39 

3.  By  the,  to  the,  for  the,  from  the,    through  the,  on  the,  in  the, 
as  the,  all  the,  the  day,  the  time,  the  same,  by  the  same,  by  and  by, 
by  the  by,  of  the  same,  of  the,  of  all,  all  of,  of  us,  of  which,  of  this, 
of  these,  of  business,,   of  necessity,  of  some,  of  one,  of  many,  of 
me.  He  does,  he  has,  of  his,  he  is,  he  was,  he  says,  he  sees,  he  thinks, 
he  knows,  he  shall  be,  he  may  be,  he  should  be,  he  can  be.    His  time, 
his  own,  in  his,  to  his,  by  his,   for  his,   on  his,   on  his  own,  by  his 
own,  his  object,  his  business,  he  has  been,   has  never,  has  come,  has 
done,  his  purpose,  his  desire,    his   error,  in  his  name,   in   his  own 
name,  in  accordance  with,  in  account  with,  in  connection  with. 

4.  Board  bill,   table   board,    boarder,  boarding  house,   board  of 
directors,    board  of  trade,    board  of  trustees,    board   of  managers, 
school  board,  overboard. 

5.  The  way,  the  truth,   and  the  life.     As  a  popular  speaker,  he 
is  often  invited  to  make  public  addresses.      This  is  probably  appli- 
cable to  the  peculiar  character  of  the   disease,     I   believe  he  is  a 
benevolent  man.     According  to  the  rules  of  the   United  States  Post 
Office,  the  mail  must  be  dispatched  regularly,  and  at  stated  times. 

SEC.  2.    A  TICK  FOE  FINAL  y.  INITIAL  h  AND  SHORTENED  /. 

A  tick  slanting  backward,  as  in  the  word  sign  any,  is  used  for  the 
final  y,  short  after  the  letters  En,  Da,  Ja,  Cha.  Its  use  on  the  straight 
signs  is  to  distinguish  the  vowel  from  the  en-hook,  introduced  in  a 
following  section. 

2.  The  tick  for  h,  contained  in  the  word  signs  him,   hath,  etc., 
may  be  used  generally  before  the  letters  De,Ve,Ef,  The,  Itk,El  andEm. 

3.  The  sign  for  long  /  is  shortened  by  omitting  one  of  the  strokes 
before  the  letters  En,  Es  and  Ze;  as  in  engraving  No.  3. 

4.  But  the  alphabetic  signs    are  necessary  in  many  cases  for  h 
and  t.     See  engraving  No .  4. 

SEC.  3.    THE  USE  OF  VOWELS  IN  WORDS  OF  ONE  SYLLABLE. 

1.  Words  of  one  consonant  stroke  not  found  in  the  table  of 
Word  Signs  should  be  vocalized;  though  in  words  like  idea,  iota, 
echo,  etc.,  all  except  the  first  vocal  may  be  omitted.  In  general  the 
writing  of  the  accented  vowel  will  suffice,  as  ba  for  obey,  ha  for  aha. 

There  are  more  than  a  thousand  words  of  one  syllable  having 
medial  vowels  either  long  or  short.  For  examples  see  Nos.  5  and  6. 

An  investigation  of  the  lists  given  will  show  that  any  attempt  to 
write  such  words  with  bare  skeleton  forms  is  unsatisfactory,  for  at 
best  the  reader  will  have  to  guess  which  one  of  half  a  dozen  or  more 
words  is  intended  by  the  outline.  These  words  are  treated  in  this 
style  the  same  as  in  the  Simple  Style;  that  is.  first  -class  vowels  are 
joined  in  the  outline,  and  the  dash  vowels  are  also  written  when 
long.  The  vocals  generally  omitted  are  the  short  u  in  but,  and  the 
oo  in  book.  For  a  full  treatment  of  the  subject,  the  student  is 
referred  to  the  Exercise  Book,  Part  1,  and  Key,  which  contain  all 
important  words  of  this  class. 


40. 


A    SHORT    COURSE 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  41 

WRITING  EXERCISE  2.    VOCALIZED  OUTLINES. 

1.  Sunny  downy  shiny  testy  touchy   sedgy  dusty  musty  muddy 
ruddy. 

2.  Manhood  likelihood  head-dress  hoodwink  heaviness  half-dozen 
wholesome  humble  hither. 

3.  Sign  resign  science  pine  fine  nice  lies  scythe. 

4.  Dine  line  type  dyke  dive  size  hoed  hove  hoof  hole  hoes. 

5.  Be  ba  obey  abbey  bow  bough  ape  pay  pa  pea  poo  poe  paw  pie 
pew  gay  eke  ache  key  coo  coe  caw  coy  cow  oak  echo  aid  day  ode 
dough  awed  odd  add  die  dew  eyed  eat  oat  ought  at  iota  two  toe  eve 
fee  view  few  vow  avow  vie  show  shoe  shy  ease  easy  ooze  owes  awes 
eyes  ice  ace  say  see  saw  sigh  sue  sow  thee  oath  thaw  thigh  me  May 
aim  mow  mow  mew  knee  nay  gnaw  know  nigh  annoy  e'en  lea  lay  la 
low  law  lie  liew  alloy  alley  oily  owl  awl  eel  ale  isle  ill  ell  ear  air  ire 
our  ray  row  raw  rye  rue  row  woo  woe  hay  hoe  haw  whoa  whew  whey 
jaw  jew  chew. 

6.  Bate  bat  beat  bet  bit  boat  boot  butt  bought  bite  bout  bake 
back  beak  beck  book  buck  peak  peck  pick  pack  poke  Puck  pike  pock. 
Cake  kick  keg  gig  cog  cape  cap  keep  kip  cope  coop  cup  cob  cub  cube 
Kate  cat  kit  coat  cot  coot  kite  cute    gate  gat  goat  got  take  tack 
teak  tick  talk  tuck  took  tape  tap  tip  top  type  tub  leap  lip  lap  loop 
lope  lop  lake  lack  lick  leak  leg  look  luck  log  lock  lead  lid  led  lad  load 
lied  lewd  loud  rape  rap  reap  rip   ripe  rope  rake  rack  reek  rick  wreck 
rook  rock  read  rid  red  raid  ride  rode  rude  rate  rat  wright  writ  wrote 
rot  rut  route  root.     Weep  weak  weed  wake  weighed  wit  wide  wight 
wad  wood.     Heap  heed  hoed  hope  hook. 

WRITING  EXERCISE  3.    (See  Key.) 
1.     The  Child  and  the  Brook. 

An  old  man  who  saw  a  child  standing  for  a  long  time  by  the  side 
of  a  stream,  said,  "My  boy,  why  do  you  gaze  so  long  on  this  brook?" 
"Sir,"  the  child  replied,  I  stay  here  to  wait  till  the  stream  shall  run 
off,  then  I  will  pass  with  dry  feet."  "Nay,"  quoth  the  old  man, 
"you  might  stay  here  all  your  life  and  yet  not  do  that,  for  this  brook 
will  run  on  as  long  as  time.  And  as  you  wend  your  way  through  life, 
you  will  find  this  out.  If  you  go  with  the  stream  you  will  get  to  the 
sea,  but  if  you  do  not  go  with  the  stream,  you  will  have  to  wait." 

2.  He  that  soweth  iniquity  shall  reap  vanity,  and  the  rod  of  his  , 
anger  shall  fail.  He  that  hath  a  bountiful  eye  shall  be  blessed,  for 
he  giveth  his  bread  to  the  poor.  He  that  oppresseth  the  poor  to 
increase  his  riches,  and  he  that  giveth  to  the  rich  shall  surely  come 
to  want.  The  air,  the  earth,  the  water,  teem  with  joy  at  existence. 
The  idea  of  what  ought  to  be  rises  up  from  the  bosom  of  what  is. 
The  pages  of  history!  how  is  it  that  they  are  so  dark  and  sad?  He 
spoke  of  the  homestead  bill  in  homely  phrase,  but  not  with  humble 
mien.  He  said  he  plead  for  it  for  the  sake  of  humanity  and  would 
sooner  resign  his  office  than  fail  to  furnish  such  a  benison  to  the 
denizens  of  the  old  world  and  the  new.  Whence,  and  what  art  thou 


42 


A    SHORT    COURSE 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  43 

execrable  shape?    Get  thee  hence !    When  he  comes  on  business,  make 
it  to  his  advantage  to  deal  with  us.    I  would   not  like  to  follow  his 
course  of  life.     No  subject  is  of  more  importance  in  the  morality  of 
private  life  than  that  of  domestic  or  family  life. 
323  words  to  be  written  in  y~  minutes  an d*  reduced  to  a'a  miuutes. 
WKITING  EXERCISE  4. 

1.  Wake,  wake,  the  wild   echoes!      Anon  they  dip  their  facile 
oars  into  the  sedgy  lake.     The  oak  is  a  strong  tree;  with  its  wood  we 
can  make  big  ships  that  float  like  cork.     We   can  stay  in  them  and 
roam  on  the  deep  sea ;  and  we  may  be   as   safe  in  them  as  in  a  coach 
on  the  road. 

2.  Herbs  need  rain  or  dew:  they  will  not  thrive  if  the  ground  is 
too  dry.     Tom  tells  me  he  saw,    in   the  south,  herbs  that  did  not 
grow  in  the  soil,  but  on  a  tree.     They  get  the  food  they  need  from 
its  bark.     Here  is  an  oak  tree,  it  grew  many  years  ago  near  this  rock 
and  threw  out  its  roots  into  the  clefts.      See  how  firm  a  hold  it  has 
upon  the  rock.     The  storms  of  half  a   century  have  tried  in  vain  to 
shake  it.     Let  us  make  a   rude  seat,    and   sit  in  the  shade,  and  eat 
some  food. 

3.  Do  you  see  that  pretty  bird,  he  is  free  and  happy.      What  a 
pity  it  is  to  shut  up  a  bird  in  a  cage.     If  that  poor  bird  in  the  cage 
could  speak,  he  would  say:  "Am  not  I  a  slave  in  this  cage?    Did  not 
God  make  me  free  to  fly  and  soar?     I   have  a  beak  and  claws  with 
which  to  get      my  food.     Open  the  door  of  the  cage,  and  let  me  go, 
and  I  will  leave  this  place  and  seek  a  new  home.". 

4.  A  trout  is  a  fine   fish.        It  is  found  in  the   small  streams 
among  the  hills.     It  loves  quiet  places  and  shady  nooks.     If  we  step 
on  the  bank  near  a  brook  the  jar  may  scare  him,  but  we  can  lure 
him  with  bait  if  we   keep   quite  still.     When  he  sees  the  bait,  he 
will  dart  out  and  seize  it,  then  he  can  be  pulled  out  with  a  quick  jerk 
of  the  pole.     Take  care  that  you  do  not  get  your  line  fast  in  a  bush, 
tree  or  root. 

344  words  to  be  written  in  3^  micutes  and  reduced  to  2%  minutes. 
WEITIXG  EXERCISE  5. 
(See  engraving.) 

1.  Allow  me  to  ask  you  to  copy  this  paper,  copy  it  first  in  Takig- 
rafy.     See  that  you  do   it  correctly.      Did  you  say  yon   would  do 
so?    Oh,  yes,  I  hear  you  now;  thank  yon.     Let  thy  yea  be  yea,  and 
thy  nay,  nay.     As  we  sow,  so  shall  we  reap.     Do   you  know  of  any 
man  who  has  no  foe?     Put  that  load  of  hay   upon   the  mow,  now  go 
and  hoe  the  peas.     Why  do  you  do  so?    How   could  they  think  of 
such  a  thing?     I  will  show  you  how  to  do  the   work.     Do    you  get 
the  idea?    This  will  aid  you  to  add  to  your    store  of  knowledge. 
They  should  pay  a  fee  for  such  service. 

2.  If  they  annoy  you  they  may  go  away.    The  way  of  a  man  is 
right  in  his  own  eyes.    We,  you,  he,  and  they  were  there.     Each  of 


44 


A    SHORT    COURSE 


o^: 

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r 


IX  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  45 

us  must  answer  for  himself.     I  will  pay  my  vows  unto  the  Lord  now 
in  the  presence  of  all  His  people.     Thy  way,  O  God,  is  in  the  sea. 

3.  Mary  may    go    and    make  cake  for    tea.      Do    not   allow 
Tommy  to  annoy  Sarah.     Sue  and  Joe  are  away  from  home.     The 
snow  and  ice  will  thaw  in   the  warm   sunshine.     That  oak  tree  will 
make  good  fire  wood. 

Ah!  few  shall  part  where  many  meet, 
The  snow  shall  be  their  winding  sheet, 
And  every  turf  beneath  their  feet 
Shall  be  a  soldier's  sepulcher. 

Would  you  be  wise,  five  things  observe  with  care;  of  whom  you 
speak,  to  whom  you  speak,  and  how,  and  when,  and  where. 

4.  Quails  run  at  a  quick  pace.'   They  go  in  flocks,   and  make  a 
loud  sound  with  their  wings.     When  they  rise  from  the  ground  on  a 
still  day  we  can  hear  the  queer  note  they  make.     It  is  sweet  and 
clear.    They  make  the  same  note  twice,    then  a  third  note  like,  but 
not  quite  like  the  first.     Ducks  quack,  pigs  squeal. 

334  words  to  be  written  in  3%  minutes  and  reduced  to  2}£. 

SEC.  4.    WORDS  OF  A  SINGLE  STEM  CONTAINING  SIGNS  OF 
THE  L,  R,  QUA,  AND  CIRCLE  SERIES. 

Words  of  a  single  stem  containing  signs  of  the  L.  R,  Qua,  and 
circle  series  are  also  vocalized,  unless  especially  excepted.  So  also 
words  having  an  initial  vowel.  See  page  46,  Nos.  1  and  2. 

SEC.  5.    EXTENDED  USE  OF  THE  COMPOTTNDS  OF  THE 
L  AND  R  SERIES. 

The  rule  directing  that  compounds  of  the  L  and  R  series  should 
always  exclude  the  vowel  must  be  carefully  observed;  but  some 
exceptions  are  allowed  for  convenience  sake  in  which  the  vowel  is 
included,  The  most  useful  words  in  this  class  are  given  in  No.  3. 

EEM.  The  cases  in  which  the  compound  sign  may  include  the  vocal 
need  not  be  rigidly  limited  to  the  above  list.  But  the  student  should 
be  extremely  cautious  how  he  adds  to  it.  and  not  fall  into  the  slovenly 
habits  of  the  Phonographic  writers,  who.  in  their  use  of  these  com- 
pounds, know  no  method  and  no  law,  and  reap  as  a  result  a  system  of 
outlines  extremely  illegible  and  confusing. 

SEC.  6.    THE  USE  OF  ZHE  FOR  JA  AND  NJ. 

Zhe  may  be  written  for  Ja  or  nj,  as  in  the  words  given  in  No.  4. 

The  signs  for  ZJd  Shi  and  ZUr  Shr  are  also  used  in  a  few  instances 
for  jl  chl  and  jr  chr  as  given  in  No.  5.  The  full  form  is  sometimes 
prefered.  In  some  cases  the  contracted  form  might  be  misread,  as, 
pusher  for  pitcher;  washer  for  watcher.  If  this  form  of  contraction 
is  used  in  soldier,  verdure,  etc.,  it  should  be  noted  that  these  outlines 
do  not  convey  the  exact  pronunciation,  which  is  sold-yer,  verd-yer. 


40 


A  SHORT.  COUESE 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  47 

SEC.  1.    THE  USE  OF  THE  CIRCLE  WHERE  THE  VOCAL  is  INCLUDED. 

The  circle  in  its  first  and  proper  use  is  designed  to  indicate  the 
exclusion  of  the  vocal;  so  its  use  in  such  words  as  this  and  these , 
given  in  the  table  of  word-signs,  and  set,  saith,  south,  save,  etc.,  given 
in  No.  6,  p.  46  are  exceptional.  Such  exceptions  should  be  limited 
to  the  examples  given,  or  to  other  words  of  frequent  occurence  care- 
fully selected,  and  the  general  rule  should  be  observed  in  all  other 
cases. 

WRITING  EXERCISE  6. 

1.  Play  plea  ply  bray   brow  brew   pray  pry  prow  gray  agree  cry 
crew  grow  glow  glee  claw  dray  dry  draw  drew  tray  try  free  fray  flee 
fly  flow  flew  three  throw  threw  spy  sky  skew  scow  stay  stow  stew 
slay  slow  sly  slew  sway  stray  spray   spry.     Opal   ochre  eagle  eager 
odor  utter  awful  evil  azure  owner  only  idle. 

2.  Pleat  plead  plate  played  plaid  plight  plied  plowed.     Braid 
broad  bread  brood  bride  brad  brought  bright.     Quake  quack  quick. 
Speak  spoke  spake  spike  speed  spade  sped  spied  spite  spout  spit  spat 
sprain  screen  strain. 

3.  Dull  call  full  fill  fulfil  folly  fully  till  until  tell.     Sure  ensure 
college  pilgrim  telegram  fulcrum  vulgar  Philadelphia  garner  corner 
colonel  mortal  martial  nourish  kernel. 

4.  Savage  privilege  vegetable  average  suffrage  beverage  revenge 
arrange  disarrange  strange  stranger  danger  exchange. 

5.  Official  ambrosial  vigil  fragile  essential  agile    angel  cudgel 
satchel  soldier  verdure  perjure  exaggerate  plagarism  journey  journal 
journalism  majority  measure  treasure  pitcher  ditcher  watcher  archer 
searcher. 

6.  Set  saith  south  save  safe  sake  case  some  days  less  ways  wise 
house  aside  assume. 

ADDITIONAL  PHRASE  SIGNS. 

7.  To  call,  to  tell,  to  college,  to  garner,  to  nourish,  call  out,  call 
in,  on  call,  tell  me,  until  they,  be  sure,    to  be  sure,  college  student, 
college  class,  official  business,  official  notice,  strange  occurence,  dan- 
ger signal,  woman  suffrage,    Teacher's  Institute,   as  a  beverage,  on 
an  average,  on  angel  wings,  Soldier's  Home,    Merchant's  Exchange , 
majority  vote,  Vigilance  Committee,  house  and  lot. 

8.  Sets  forth,    South   America,      South    Carolina,    South-west, 
Saving's'Bank,  Safe  Deposit,  for  the  sake  of,  in  this  case,  in  any  case, 
in  no  case,  in  all  cases,  which  shows,  this  shows,  lessthan,  more  than, 
this  is,  this  was,  that  was,  which  was,  all  ways,  in  all  ways,  he  was, 
wise  man.  a  wise  man,  it  is  not,  it  was  not,  that  is,  it  is,  what  is,  which 
is,  which  has,  when  we,  when  you,    when  they,  as  we,  as  they  were, 
one  day,  one  time,  any  time,  at  any  time,   at  all  times,  one  or  two, 
now  and  then,  to  and  fro,    up  and  down,    in  the  first  place,  in  the 
second  place,  in  the  third  place,  in  the  last  place,  peace  principles. 


48 


A    SHORT    COURSE 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORT! [A XI).  49 

WRITING  EXERCISE  7. 

1.  Blow  ye  the  trumpet,  blow!     They  ply  the  oar.     She  plies  her 
needle.     Those  three  boys  are  free  to  go  and  play.     The  wicked  flee 
when  no  man  pursueth,  but  the  righteous  are  bold  as  a  lion.     And 
the  Lord  said  unto  Satan:  whence  comestthou?   And  Satan  answered 
the  Lord  and  said:  From  going  to  and   fro  in  the   earth,  and  from 
walking  up  and  down  in  it.    In  an  evil  hour  they  met  an  awful  fate. 
He  was  true  to  his  promise  and  eager  to  draw  others  over  to  his  views. 
The  crew  were  eager  to  throw  the  cargo  overboard.    He  was  the  only 
owner  of  the  vessel.     They  will  stay  a  day  or  two.     They  betray  no 
signs  of  fear. 

2.  I  dare  say  we  shall  see    you    when  we'  arrive.      He   said 
he  would  try  to  do  so.     His  son   says  he  will  sell   some  stock  and 
cease  to  struggle   with  debt.     Save  the  pennies,   for   the  sake  of 
economy,  sir,  save  the  pennies.     The  tide  ebbs  and  flows.     I  guess 
he  does  not  care  to  do  this.     In  this  case   I  can  only  repeat  what  I 
said  before.     Thus   saith  the  Lord.     Those  were   times   that  tried 
men's  souls.     These  are  the  piping  days  of  peace. 

3.  What  object  have  you  in  view?  Is  there  any  advantage  in  this 
measure?    I  will  leave  nothing  undone  in  this  business.  How  do  you 
do  this?  We  all  breath  the  common  air,  we  rejoice  in  the  beams  of  the 
same  sun,  we  own  one  father  and  one  God.  I  know  no  North,  no  South, 
no  East,  no  West.     They  plow,  they  sow,  they  reap,  they  mow  and 
gather  into  barns.    Something  is  better  than  nothing,  and  anything 
is  better  than  everything.  Let  us  overcome  evil  with  good,  then  wars 
shall  cease  throughout  the  earth  and  peace  shall   reign   from  pole  to 
pole.     All  hail  the  reign  of  peace.     All  hail  King  of  Salem,  rightful 
ruler  of  all  nations.     They  shall  not  hurt  nor  destroy  in  all  my  holy 
mountain,  saith  the  Lord. 

312  words  to  be  written  in  3%  minutes  and  reduced  to  2%  minutes. 

.WRITING  EXERCISE  8. 

1.  Speak  the  piece  I  pray  thee  as  I  pronounce  it  to  thee.     No 
man  can  make  a  good  plea  for  a  dram.     We   have  green   peas   on  a 
plate  in  the  month  of  July.     Sheep  bleat  when  they   wish   to  call 
their  lambs.     The  azure  vault  of  heaven,   which   we   call  the  sky,  is 
blue.     Call  a  spade  a  spade.     Do  your  duty;   fulfill  your  mission; 
be  a  man  among  men.     The  duck  said   quack,    quack,    quack;  the 
Duke  said  quick,  quick,   quick.     They  quake  with   fear.     What  he 
thought  an  opal,  was  found  to  be  a  piece  of  yellow  ochre. 

2.  Eternal  vigilence  is  the  price  of  liberty.     This,  as  an  initial 
measure,  is  essentially  necessary  to  our  design.     He  gave  official 
notice  of  his  desire  to  visit  us.    As  both  teacher  and  preacher/  he 
deserves  special  mention.      The    soldiers   are  glad  to  escape  the 
dangers  of  battle ,  and   return  to  the    peaceful   walks   of   life     Be 
sure  you're  right,    then   go  ahead.      Bunyan   wrote    the   Pilgrim's 
Progress  and  the  Holy  War. 


60 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  51 

3.  The  college  boy  sends  a  telegram  to  his  father  in  Philadelphia. 
This  will  be  very  likely   to    fill  our     reasonable  demands.      That 
savage  attack  was  in  revenge  for  what  he  thought  a  personal  injury. 
Truth  is  stranger  than  fiction.     The  vulgar  crowd  delight  in  martial 
music.     No  man  is  always  wise. 

4.  This  is  no  strange  occurrence.     We  met   him   at  the  teacher's 
institute  where  he  spoke  for  woman-suffrage.      He  said  he  never 
took  alcoholic  liquors  as  a  beverage.     He  will  travel   through  the 
South-west,  and  po  to  Mexico  and  South  America  for  the  sake  of 
increasing  his  knowledge  of  botany.     This  shows  that  he  is  a  lover 
of  science.    Ha  ing  bought  a  house  and  lot,   he  was  chosen  cashier 
of  the  Saving's  Bank,  and  an  officer  in   the  Vigilance  Committee. 
He  said  they  wouM  make  rum   an  outlaw   by  a  majority   vote  on 
the  next  election  day. 

320  words  to  be  written  in  3^  minutes  and  reduced  to  2J£  minutes. 

SEC.  8.    SHORTENED  LETTEBS. 

1.  The  letters  d  and  t  unite  without  a   vowel  with  all  consonant 
sounds  except  themselves,  as  in  the  words  that,  apt,  east,  eased,  ant, 
and,  art,  hard,  etc.     It  will  be  observed  that  the  light  letter  unites 
only  with  t,  and  the  heavy  letter  with  d.     So  we  have  this  rule:  A 
light  letter  may  be   written  half  length  to   imply  a  t,  and  a  heavy 
letter  to  imply  a  d.     The  liquids,    el,    em,    en    and    ar,  form  an 
exception  to  this  rule,  since  they  unite  with  both  t  and   d;  as  in  the 
examples  above,   and   when  shortened  to  imply   d,  the  shortened 
letter  is  shaded. 

2.  A  half-length  letter  cannot  be  joined  to  a  full  length   letter 
unless  it  makes  with  it,  or  with   a   proper  vocal,   a   definite  angle. 
Where  no  angle  can  be  formed,  both  letters  must  be  written  in  full. 

3.  There  are   some  exceptions  to    the  rule    requiring  that  the 
light  letters  indicate  only  t,  and  heavy  letters  only  d,   in   such  word 
signs  as  but ,  great,  that,  could,  should,  etc. ,  and  in  some  longer  words, 
but  the  rule  should  be  insisted  on. 

4.  The  half-length  principle  applies  also  to  the  final  compounds 
of  the  I  and  r  series. 

REM.  For  further  Instruction  in  the  use  of  the  half-length  signs,  see 
Chapter  III. 

WRITING  EXERCISE  9.     SHORTENED  LETTERS. 
Use  half  length  signs  in: 

1.  Blabbed  grabbed  stabbed  apt  tapped  capped  wrapped  lapped 
act  tacked  backed  packed  laqked  dipped  tipped  sipped  tripped 
bagged  dragged  gagged  wagged  dogged  ticked  tricked  strict  talked 
balked  aft  draft  graft  craft  shaft  laughed  raft  drift  gift  sift  lift  loft 
soft  left  bereft  lived  loved  saved  raved  abashed  dashed  cashed 
lashed  brushed  blushed  crushed  rushed  washed  wreathed  breathed 


A  .SHORT    COURSE 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.          .  53 

east  beast  eased  teased  priest  pleased  praised  abused  accused  abased 
effaced. 

2.  Pumped  prompt  tempt  stemmed  cramped  crammed  hemmed 
aimed  framed  formed  aunt   daunt    end    tend    lend    loaned  rained 
round  hound  wound  stand  strand  stoned    tart  tarred  port  ponred 
afford  feared  seared  soured  oared  gored  soared  old  willed  wilt  paint 
pained  grant  grand  gained  caned  canned  build   built  stilt  stilled 
steeled   chilled   drilled   spanned  scanned  scant  sprained    screened 
skinned.     Bind  (bond)  kind  (conned)  grind  blind  (blonde)   signed 
remind  refined. 

Full  length  letters  are  used  in: 

3.  Boned  bound   pound   brunt  blunt   groaned   crowned  ground 
gloved  dealt  dulled  sold  mould   shield   shelled  belt  quelled  mound 
mount  showed  shoved  shunned  emblazoned   imprisoned   unseasoned 
peasant  unpleasant. 

Additional  shortened  forms: 

4.  Implant  imprint  reprint  ingrained  regained  retained  refrained 
remained  sustained  distract  district  instruct  retract  restrict  inflict 
reflect  imposed  disposed  exposed   enclosed   reposed   refused   revised 
amazed  amused  aroused  disgraced*  retraced   replaced  ascend  assent 
assort  assert  insert  desert  desired  distort  extort  retort  resort  support 
import  deport  report  export  expert. 

5.  Discovered    endeavored    recovered   wavered     beveled    baffled 
leveled  gathered  tethered  weathered  rumored  garnered  cornered. 

6.  Good  great  glad  gold  called  cold  card  court  doubt  told  toward 
fort  felt  short  assured  shut  yet  cannot,  could  not,   bright  fright  quite 
might  light  right   write   writing  lighten  brighten  frighten  shorten 
shorthand  culture  courtier  nature  nurture. 

7.  On  board,  on  ship  board,  larboard,  star-board,  bed  and  board, 
gold  basis,  gold  mine,  gold  and  silver,  postal  card,  court  of  common 
pleas,    police  court,   superior  court,   supreme  court,   circuit  court, 
district   court,    court  of  quarter  sessions,  court  house,   court  yard, 
court  plaster,  as  broad  as,  as  great  as,   as  good  as,   as  short  as,  as 
shrewd  as. 

WEITING  EXEECISK  10. 

1.  He  assumed  an  air  of  great  superiority.  They  affect  to 
despise  small  things.  Reflect  on  your  ways  and  reject  all  doubtful 
schemes.  Respect  and  love  your  parents  and  friends.  Act  well  thy 
part  there  all  the  glory  lies.  If  we  would  not  like  to  be  frightened 
or  deceived  ourselves,  it  cannot  be  right  to  frighten  or  deceive 
others.  Aright,  aloft,  above,  below,  he  whirled  the  rapid  sword. 
Measure  your  life  by  acts  of  goodness  not  by  years.  It  is  the  duty 
of  a  child  not  to  direct  but  to  obey  his  parents.  The  region  beyond 
the  grave  is  not  a  solitary  land.  Sincere  respect  for  the  men  of  early 


54 


A   SHORT   COUKSE 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  55 

times  may  be  joined  with  a  clear  perception  of  their  weaknesses 
and  errors.  Plants  are  formed  by  culture,  men  by  education.  We 
live  in  deeds  not  years,  in  thoughts  not  breaths,  in  feelings  not  in 
figures  on  a  dial. 

2.  The  breaking  waves  dashed   high   on   a  stern  and  rock  bound 

coast, 

And  the  woods  'gainst  a  stormy  sky  their  giant  branches  tossed, 
And  the  heavy  night  hung  dark,  the  hills  and  waters  o'er; 
When  a  band  of  exiles  moored   their  bark,   on  the  wild   New 

England  shore. 

Amid  'st  the  storm  they  sang,  and  the  stars  heard,  and  the  sea, 
And  the  sounding  isles  of  the  dim  woods   rang  to  the  anthem 

of  the  free. 

3.  I  praised  the  sun  whose  chariot   rolled  on   wheels  of  amber 

and  of  gold, 

I  praised  the  moon  whose  softer  eye  gleams  sweetly  through 
the  summer  sky, 

And  moon  and  sun  in  answer  said  our  days  of  light  are  num- 
bered. 

4.  Unthinking,  idle,  wild,  and  young,  I  laughed,  and  talked,  and 

danced,  and  sung, 
And  proud  of  health,  of  freedom  vain,  dreamed  not  of  sorrow, 

care  or  pain. 
When  I  am  old,  this  breezy  earth  will   lose   for   me  its  voice  of 

mirth; 
The  streams  will   have   an   undertone   of  sadness,  not  by  right 

their  own. 

318  words  to  bo  written  in  3%  minutes,  and  reduced  to  2a«  minutes 
SEC.  9.     LENGTHENED  CURVES.     • 

1.  The  letters  Ef,  Ve.,  Ish,  E*.  Ze,  Em.  En  and  El  are  made  twice 
1  their  usual  length  to  imply  an  additional  tr,    as   in   the   words  after 

filter,  and  the  lenghthened  En  and  El  are  shaded  to  imply  dr.  as  in 
under,  elder. 

Notice  that  this  form  of  contraction  is  used  where  no  vowel  occurs 
between  the  three  letters  indicated  by  the  lengthened  stem,  though 
a  vowel  may  follow  the  first  letter  as  in  the  words  matter,  lighter. 

This  contraction  does  not  apply  when  a  vowel  follows  the  r.  The 
lengthened  curve  can  b«  used  in  literal,  but  not  in  lottery,  See  exam- 
ples of  the  use  of  the  lengthened  curves  in  exercise  11,  Nos.  1  and 
3,  and  examples  in  No.  2  where  other  forms  of  contraction  are  pre- 
ferred. 

2.  The  letters  Qua  and  Two.  are  lengthened  to  imply  tr,  as  in 
equator,  twitter,  and  the  lengthened  qua  may  be  shaded   to   imply  dr, 
as  in  quadruped,  quater  may  be  written  for  quarter.     See  No.  5. 


58 


A.    SHORT    COOBSE 


nu 


ft- 


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Q/° 


IN  BUSINESS  SHOKTHAND.  57 

The  letter  Em  is  lengthened  to  imply  tr  when  light,  but  the 
lengthened  Em  when  shaded  implies  br  and  pr,  as  in  ember,  tamper. 
See  No.  6. 

The  letters  The  and  Ith  are  lengthened  to  imply  r,*  the  lenghened 
Ith  indicating  there  (expletive)  and  the  lengthened  Ath  there  (adverb) 
and  their;  though  in  phrases,  these  signs  are,  for  convenience,  inter- 
changed. The  The  is  lengthened  to  express  the  word  other,  with  an 
initial  E  the  word  either,  and  with  a  preceding  tick  the  word 
ivhether. 

Notice  that  the  words  there  (expletive),  there  (adverb),  and  their, 
are  written  with  light  signs  through  the  "th"  is  really  semi- vocal. 

The  letter  En  is  made  treble  length  to  imply  "thr"  in  the  words 
neither,  another.  This  sign  may  be  used  also  in  such  words  as  mis- 
anthropy, anthropology.  The  Ing  is  also  trebled  in  the  words  stronger, 
longer,  younger. 

KEY  TO  WHITING  EXERCISE  11. 
(Use  the  lengthened  curves. ) 

1.  Fetter  fitter  fighter  after  laughter  rafter   lifter  sifter  softer 
refitter  fritter  fretter  flutter  flatter  voter  provider  invader  divider 
shutter  shatter  Easter  oyster  boaster  poster  blister  bluster  piaster 
plaster  Gloucester  cloister  duster  toaster  jester  fester  fluster  shyster 
moister  roster  foster  disaster  sister  suiter  seeder  seceder  cider  hard 
cider  soft-sodder  cider-mill  minister. 

2.  Setter  sadder  Chester  Colchester  Dorchester  Manchester  pester 
chorister    barrister    forester     songster    luster    lustrous    illustrious 
industrious  distress  sinister  monster. 

3.  Matter  mutter  smatter  smiter  diameter  hexameter  letter  litter 
loiter  lighter  slaughter  insulter  defaulter   filter  elder  older  milder 
moulder  wilder  wilderness  bewilder  balder  builder  smolder  shelter 
shoulder. 

4.  Under  sunder  enter  center  ponder  banter  canter  winter  hinder 
tender  pretender  defender  sender  thunder  binder   Alexander  render 
wonder  yonder  slendor  collender  provender  lavender  inventor. 

5'  Equator  twitter  quarter  quarter-section  Quarter-master  quad- 
ruped quadrumane  quadruple. 

6.  Member  ember  remember  timber  temper  distemper  bumper 
scamper  pamper  clamber    cumber    encumber    lumber  September 
December  temperance,    temperance  society,   temperance  principles, 
intemperance. 

7.  There  there  their  either  other  otherwise  wether  whether  whither 
rather  author  therefore  thereof  therein  thereon  their  own,  by  their, 
with  their,  on  their,  the  other  day,  the  other  way,   in  there,  if  there 

s,  if  it  is,  if  it  was. 

*The  uso  of  the  lengthened  The,  Ith,  Tha,  Ath,  to  add  r  instead  of 
tr  is  here  introduced  into  Takigrafy  for  the  first  time.  It  has,  however, 
received  a  measure  of  consideration  on  the  part  of  the  author  for  the 
past  two  or  three  years,  and  is  believed  to  provide  improved  signs  for 
the  words  affected  by  it. 


58 


A    SHORT    COURSE 


IX  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  59 

8.  Another  neither  misanthropy  anthopology,   in   no  other  way, 
in  another  way,  in  neither  way,  in  some   other  way,  at  other  times, 
at  another  time,  at  no  other  time,  at  some  other  time. 

9.  Longer  younger  stronger,   longer  time,    longer  than,  younger 
years,  years  old,  years  of  age,  so  soon,  so  easy,  so  many,  so  far  as,  so 
much  as,  as  much  as,  for  as  much  as,  as  far  as,  as  fast  as,  as  large  as, 
as  long  as,  as  little  as,  as  soon  as,  as  safe  as,  as  strong  as,  as  straight 
as,  as  low  as,  as  high  as,  as  slow  as. 

WRITING  EXEKCISE  12. 

1.  They  flatter  the  foreign  invader.      He  is   a   goo  d  provider. 
After  a  long  fit  of  laughter  they  proceed  to  consult  the  meter.     The 
forester  says  the  weather  is  milder  in  the  wilderness  than  in  the  open 
field.     The  officer  caught  the  prize-fighter  and   put  him  in  fetters. 
He  said  in  his  letter  that  he  was  a  voter,  an  d  did  not  care  to  fritter 
away  his  i  nfluence.     The  railroad  disaster  was  the  cause  of  great 
slaughter.     He  is  not  only  a  defaulter,  but  an  insulter  of  the  majesty 
of  the  law,  and  hopes  to  be  an  eluder  of  its  penalties.     The  older  of 
the  two  is  an  elder  in  the  church,  a  builder  by  trade. 

2.  In  entering  upon  the  winter,  the  couple  determined,  with  silly 
banter,  to  part  asunder  for  a  season,  but  Alexander  was  more  ten- 
der, and  said  he  would  not  be  a  pretender,  but  would  be  her  defender. 
He  had  been  led  to  ponder  upon  how  he  could  render  more  assistance 
from  bin  slender  income. 

3.  We  often  have  thunder  in  the  month  of  November,  very  seldom 
in  December.     The  member  said   he  could  not  remember  anything 
about  the  collender.     They  do  not  dare  to  tamper  with  the  timber. 
The  doctors  s.iy  they   can  arrest  the  distemper,  but  prescribe  strict 
temperance;  we  must  be  temperate  in  eating,  temperate  in  drinking, 
temperate  in  working,  and  avoid  all  intemperate  action. 

4.  There,  there,  are  the  friends  of  other  days!     The  author  said 
he  would  go  whether  the   weather  was  good  or  otherwise.     Having 
read  therein  and  thought  thereon,  I  know  whereof  I  speak,  therefore 
can  speak  thereof  with  assurance.     There  is  a  God:  the  herbs  of  the 
valley,  the  cedars  of  the  mountains  bless  him;  insects  sport  in  his 
beams,  the  elephant   salutes   him   with   the  rising  orb  of  day,  the 
bird  sings  him   in  the  foliage,   the  thunders   proclaim   him  in  the 
Heavens,  the  ocean   declares  his  immensity ;   man   alone  has  said, 
"There  is  no  God. "     The  heavens  and  earth,  O  Lord,  proclaim  thy 
boundless  power.     The  soul  of  man  is  larger  than  the  sky,  deeper 
than  the  ocean,  or  the  abyssmal  dark  of  the  the  unfathomed  center. 

354  words  to  be  written  in  4  and  reduced  to  1%  minutes. 

SEC.  10.    MISCELLANEOUS  CONTBACTIONS. 

All  modes  of  contraction  in  Takigrafy  are  designed  to  indicate  the 
exclusion  of  the  vowel  from  the  portion  of  the  word  so  contracted. 
Fully  written  alphabetic  forms  in  general  indicate  the  presence  of 
the  vowel.  Where  two  or  more  sounds  unite  without  a  vowel,  their 
union  is  generaly  indicated  by  some  modification  of  one  of  the  letters. 


60 


A    SHORT    COURSE 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHOETHAND.  61 

This  is  done  in  the  use  of  both  the  initial  and  final  circle,  and  in 
compounds  having  initial  hooks,  as  well  as  in  the  shortened  and 
lengthened  forms  given  in  the  preceeding  lessons.  There  are  a  few 
other  modes  of  contraction  expressing  the  exclusion  of  a  vowel 
between  the  consonants,  which  are  applicable,  however,  to  only  a  few 
letters.  Those  given  in  this  lesson  are:  1,  the  n-hook;  2,  the  v-hook; 
o,  the  shaded  Em  imply  ing  p:  4,  the  shaded  Ar  implying  ./and  c/to; 
5,  the  shaded  El  implying  r,  and  6  the  shaded  Ea  implying  I;  all  of 
which  are  illustrated  on  page  60. 

Notice  that  the  n-hook  is  on  the  left  and  under  side  of  the  straight 
stems,  and  is  enlarged  to  form  the  v-hook.  The  right  hand  small 
hook  expresses  an,  and  enlarged  ain.  Notice  further  that  the  use  of 
the  Emp,  Arch,  Arj,  Ler  and  Eel  are  limited  to  words  in  which  the 
implied  letters  are  in  the  same  syllable  with  the  shaded  stroke,  and 
that  the  full  forms  are  always  allowable,  and  often  preferred.  In 
general,  the  student  will  do  well  to  use  these  contractions  only  in  the 
words  given  in  the  exercises. 

SEC.  11.     THE  STE  AND  EST  LOOPS. 

A  small  loop  is  used  both  initially  and  finally  for  st;  the  initial 
loop  is  named  Ste,  the  final  Est.  They  are  used  on  the  same  side  of 
the  straight  letters  as  the  circle,  but  in  this  style  are  little  used.  In 
some  words,  like  mostly,  lastly,  the  t  is  sacrificed  by  using  the  circle 
instead  of  the  loop.  Use  the  loop  only  as  indicated  in  the  exercises. 

WRITING  EXERCISE  13. 

1.  Use  the  w-hook  in :   Eden  eaten  sadden  sudden   bidden  bitten 
button  gotten  kitten  trodden  maiden   mutton   mitten   smitten  laden 
leaden  redden  rotten  wooden  bounden  even   oven  seven  often  soften 
proven  graven  striven  leaven  sloven  raven  riven  orphan  woven  haven 
ashen  heathen  earthen  lengthen  strengthen  omen  common  woman 
women  earn  born  burn  spurn  turn  torn  acorn   corn  scorn  fern  shorn 
thorn  morn  mourn  lorn  horn.      The  alphabetic  En  is  preferred  in : 
Wagon  reckon  organ  slacken  liken  ocean   fusion  allusion  nutrition 
mission. 

2.  Use  the  tvhook  in :  Differ  carve  scarf  curve  serve  surf  observe 
subserve  deserve  turf  reserve. 

3.  Use  the  shaded  Em  in:  Pomp  pump  camp   scamp  damp  tramp 
trump  stump  stomp  jump  champ  vamp  mumps  limp  lamp  lump 
rump  romp  enstamp,  postage-stamp,  but  not  in:   pompous   rumpus 
compass   encompass  impart  import  impair  impossible  impress  im- 
pervious imperious  impeisonal  imperfect  impolite  implead  empower 
impanel  empurple  improper  simple  sample  temple. 

4.  Use  the  shaded  Ar  in:    Arch   torch  march  urge  merge  surge 
search  lurch  charge  George   scourge  starch  porch  barge,  but  not  in: 
purge  urchin  margin  origin  original   gorgeous   courage  courageous 
encourage. 

5.  Use  the  shaded  El  in:  Pillar  pallor  tiller  taller  collar  scholar 
valor  cellar  counselor  chancellor  Eensselaer  insular . 


A    SHORT    COURSE 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  63 

6.  Use  the  shaded   Ra    in:    Religion    religious    relict    relinquish 
relevancy  relish  girl  curl  furl  whirl  whirl-wind  marl  pearl  inaugural 
doggerel  liberal  chloral  plural  floral,   but  not  in:   relay  rally  early 
real  relieve  release  relume  relative  relax  reload. 

7.  Use  the  Ste  loop   in:  Stub    step    steam  stem  stump  stumble 
stir  sterile  store  storage  store-house  storm  starch  start  startle  stark. 

NOTE:— Steer  steerage  may  be  written  in  full,  to  distinguish  them 
from  store  and  storage;  and  so  in  other  cases  where  necessary. 

Use  the  Est  loop  in:  Lapsed  waxed  vexed  fixed  mixed  worst  forced 
enforced  burst  endorsed  discoursed  first  interest  manifest  alterest  must 
most  last  least,  at  last,  at  least,  utmost,  uppermost  foremost  inthemost 
mostly,  most  easily,  most  likely,  lastly  listless  restless  steamer  steam 
pipe,  steam  engine,  stimulus,  storekeeper,  story,  storied,  stepping 
stone,  step-sister,  step-mother. 

WRITING  EXEKCISE  14. 

1.  Unfading  hope!  when  life's  last  embers  burn, 
When  soul  to  soul,  and  dust  to  dust  return; 
Heaven  to  thy  charge  resign  the  awful  hour, 
O!  then,  thy  kingdom  come,  immortal  power! 

The  sun  with  all  its  attendant  planets  is  but  a  very  little  part  of 
the  grand  machinery  of  the  universe.  Let  us  send  light  and  joy,  if 
we  can,  to  every  one  around  us.  All  great  things  are  so  only  by 
the  assemblage  of  small  things.  Keep  an  inventory  of  your  friends 
rather  than  of  your  goods.  Half  of  what  passes  among  men  for 
talent  is  nothing  but  good  health. 

2.  By  the  faults  and  errors  of  others,  wise  men  correct  their  own. 
Into  every  human  being  God  has  breathed  an  immortal  soul. 

Have  respect  for  yourself  that  others  may  not  disrespect  you.  We 
cannot  turn  in  any  direction  where  the  Creator's  love  does  not  smile 
around  us.  A  man  may  comfort  himself  for  the  wrinkles  in  his 
face  provided  his  heart  be  fortified  by  virtue.  If  women  fulfilled 
truly  their  di  vine  errand  there  would  be  no  need  of  societies  for  reform. 

3.  Men  are  never  so  easily  deceived  as  when  they  plan  to  deceive 
others.     A  child  in  the  humblest  walks  of  life  is  as   richly  gifted  as 
in  the  highest.     Man  gains  wider  dominion  by  his  intellect  than  by 
his  right  arm.     As  the  days  begin  to  lengthen  the  cold  begins  to 
strengthen.    Seven  days  make  one  week.    He  will  learn  to  play  the 
organ  in  the  old  oaken  chapel  on    the  hill.      He    often    sought  to 
soften  the  manners  of  the  seven  rude  boys  that  formed  his  class. 

4.  Little  by  little  the  time  goes  by, 
Short  if  you  sing  it,  long  if  you  sigh; 
Little  by  little — an  hour — a  day; 

Gone  with  the  years  that  have  vanished  away. 
We  perceive  the  shadow  to  have  moved  along  the  dial,  but  did  not 
see  it  moving;  and  it  appears  that  the  grass  has  grown,  though 
nobody  ever  saw  it  grow;  so  the  advances  we  make  in  knowledge, 
as  they  are  made  in  minute  steps,  are  perceivable  only  by  the 
distance. 

330  words  to  be  written  in  3M  minutes  and  reduced  to  2%  minutes. 


64 


A  SHORT 


-* 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  66 

WRITING  EXERCISE  15.    MISCELLANEOUS. 

1.  Sassafras  sister  system  society   schism  monasticism  rusticity 
elasticity  solicitude  domesticity  statistical  fastidious  velocity  felicity 
veracity  sphericity  absurdity  imbecility    precipitous  preposterous 
impetus  impetuous  impulsive  custody  extrude  extreme   necessity 
necessities  necessitous  necessary  ancestor  ancestry  ancestral  sincerity 
serious. 

2.  Basis  bases  possess  dispossess  paces  pieces  praises  passes  pro- 
cess prices  pleases    palace    police    policy    placid    pellucid  precede 
proceed    preside    passage     postage     paschal    prodigious    prejudice 
previous  pervious  prospective  perspective  prescribe  proscribe  super- 
stition  successes    discusses     classes    encloses    satisfied  dissatisfied 
desolation   dislocation    decease    disease    diocese    deceased  diseased 
disrobe     distribute     disturb    divers     divorce     diverse    industries 
industrious  illustrious. 

3.  Summer  sumpter  sympathy  sooner  scenery  sentry  center  senator 
senatorial  central  sanitary  arms  armies  serious  series  serene  serenity 
sources  sorrows  ceremonious. 

4.  Binder  bindery  boundary  plant  planet  pliant   plenty  blind 
blend  blunt  grind  grand  ground  grunt  blister  bluster  plaster  embassa- 
dor  impostor  imposture  past  pastor  pastoral  pester  vaster  faster  fester 
investor    Sylvester    songster     monster    Munster  Minster    minister 
ministry      ministerial      minstrel      custom      customer  extemporize 
wisdom  western. 

5.  Literary  literature   literal  mineral  certsdn   uncertain  certify 
ceremony  ceremoniously  ascertain  order  reader  writer  rioter  instruct 
uninstructed  inseparable  insupportable  insecure  insatiable  insuscept- 
ible incessant  sociable    unsociable  incipient    incisive   inestimable 
ineffaceable  inevitable  invisible  invalid  inveterate  injurious  incen- 
diary. 

6.  Abominate  predominate  prede terminate   terminate   culminate 
criminate  effeminate  illuminate  fulminate  germinate  infinite  infinity 
infinitesimal  offensive  defensive  offensively  inoffensively  inquisitive 
loquacious  soliloquy  require  request  requisite  aristocracy  generosity 
banquet  liquid  lingual  languid  languish  relinquish. 

WRITING  EXERCISE  16. 

1.  To  him,  who,  in  the  love  of  nature,  holds 
Communion  with  her  visible  forms,  she  speaks 
A  various  language;  for  his  gayer  hours, 

She  has  a  voice  of  gladness,  and  a  smile, 
And  eloquence  of  beauty;  and  she  glides 
Into  his  darker  musing,  with  a  mild, 
And  gentle  sympathy,  that  steals  away 
Their  sharpness,  e'er  he  is  aware. 

2.  Yet  a  few  days,  and  thee, 

The  all  beholding  sun  shall  see  no  more 

In  all  its  course ;  nor  yet  in  the  cold  ground, 


" 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  67 

Where  thy  pale  form  was  laid,  with  many  tears, 
Nor  in  the  embrace  of  ocean  shall  exist 
Thy  image.     Earth,  that  nourish'd  thee,  shall  claim 
Thy  growth,  to  be  resolved  to  earth  again. 

3.  Yet  not  to  thy  eternal  resting  place 

Shal't  thou  retire  alone — nor  could'st  thou  wish 
Couch  more  magnificent.     Thou  shalt  lie  down 
With  patriarchs  of  the  infant  world,  with  kings, 
The  powerful  of  the  earth,  the  wise,  the  good, 
Fair  forms,  and  hoary  seers  of  ages  past, 
All  in  one  mighty  sepulchre. 

4.  'Ere  wit  oblique  had  broke  that  steady  light, 
Man,  like  his  maker,  saw  that  all  was  right ; 
To  virtue,  in  the  paths  of  pleasure  trod, 
And  owned  a  father,  when  he  owned  a  God. 
Love,  all  the  faith,  and  all  the  allegiance  then, 
For  nature  knew  no  right  divine  in  men; 

Nor  ill  could  fear  in  God,  and  understood 
A  sovereign  being,  but  a  sovereign  good. 
True  faith,  true  policy,  united  ran, 
That  was  but  love  of  God,  and  this  of  man. 

5.  Love  God  with  all  your  soul  and  might, 
With  all  your  heart  and  mind; 

And  love  your  neighbor  as  yourself, 
Be  faithful,  just,  and  kind. 

6.  For  him,  shall  prayer  unceasing  and  daily  vows  ascend; 
His  kingdom  still  increasing,  a  kingdom  without  end. 
The  heavenly  dew  shall  nourish  a  seed  in  weakness  sown, 
Whose  fruit  shall  spread  and  flourish,  and  shake  like  Lebanon. 

311  words  to  be  written  in  3)£  minutes  and  reduced  to  2^  minutes. 


A.  SHORT    COURSE 


3- 


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fo  •     IN— » 


X — .     < — y 


CHAPTER  III. 
SYLLABLE  SIGNS. — PREFIXES  AND  AFFIXES. 

In  Chapter  II  all  the  general  principles  of  contraction  in  their 
original  and.  more  restricted  sphere  of  use  have  been  explained.  In 
Chapter  III,  there  is  some  extension  of  these  principles,  and  the 
introduction  of  prefix  and  affix,  or  Syllable  Signs. 

SEC.  1.    EXTENDED  USE  OF  THE  HALF  LENGTH  PRINCIPLE,  AND 

SIGNS  FOR  THE  TERMINATIONS,  ATE,  WARD,  ANT,  ENT, 

BENT,  DENT,  MENT,  ANCE  AXD  ENCE. 

1.  The  half  length  signs  are  always  used  where  the  vocal  is  ex- 
cluded before  the  d  and  tj  as  taught  in  Chapter  II.     This  principle 
is  also  applied  to  a  few  words  of  one  syllable,  in  which  a  vowel 
occurs  before  the  d  or  t.     The  list  given  in  Chapter  II,  Sec.  8,  Par.  6, 
may  be  extended  somewhat;  and  the  principle  may  be  applied  to 
such  final  syllables  as  pate  cate  gale  date  tale  shale  mate  nate  late  rate 
quate',  and  in  long  words  more  freely. 

2.  The  shortened  form  is  not  used  when  the  vowel  occurs  before 
the  final  ate,  nor  in  words  in  which  it  is  more  convenient  to  use  an 
in-hook  followed  by  a  full   length  sign,    as   in    abominate.      The 
termination  vote  is  written  Ve-Te  because  the  a  cannot  be  convenient- 
ly joined  to  the  Ve. 

3.  Where  rd  follows  Wa  and  Ha  the  end  of  the  stems  of  these 
letters  is  thickened  to  indicate  it,  as  in  the  words,  word  and  hard. 
This  furnishes  a  proper  sign  for  the  termination  ward,  in  reward. 

4.  The  shortening  principle  applies  also  to  syllables  ending  in 
the  n-hook.     And  here  the  d  or   t  is  read  after  the  hook.     This  fur- 
nishes signs  for  the  syllables  bent  dent  tent  vent  tient  dent  ment  rent  ?tc. 

5.  The  n-hook  is   properly  an  in-hook,  and  the  hook  on  the  op- 
posite side  of  the  straight  stems  an  an-hook.     The  circle  added  on 
the  in-hook  side  gives  the  terminations  ins  and  ence,  and  the  circle 
in  the  an-hook  the  termination  ance. 

WRITING  EXERCISE  1. 
Use  shortened  forms  in  the  following  words: 

1.  Date  God  guide  sight  thought  rate  hate  state  straight  tight 
skate  plate  slate  slight  white  better;  and  in  the  final  syllables  of 
dissipate  anticipate  emancipate  vacate  delicate  indelicate  locate  dis- 
locate reciprocate  investigate  intimidate  invalidate  sedate  perpetrate 
arbitrate  meditate  penetrate  associate  appreciate  depreciate  initiate 
ingratiate    negotiate    satiate     insatiate    emaciate    vitiate  officiate 
excruciate  approximate    cremate     criminate     acclimate    intimate 
estimate  decimate  animate  alternate  amalgamate  subordinate  pro- 
crastinate personate  fortunate  fascinate  originate  speculate  stipulate 
granulate  populate  depopulate  expostulate  desolate  regulate  emulate 
stimulate  inoculate  separate  operate  evaporate  desperate  decorate 

2.  Use  full  length  forms  in.   graduate  fluctuate  deviate  expiate 
situate   attenuate   extenuate   radiate   roseate    mediate    abominate 

69 


A    SHORT    COURSE 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  71 

germinate  culminate  predominate  ruminate  disseminate  criminate 
recriminate  fulminate  terminate  determinate. 

3.  Word  ward  heard  hard  harden  hardy   unheard  warder  warden 
wording  reward. 

Word-signs:     Inward   outward   forward     afterward    forwardness 
inwardly  outwardly  virtuous. 

4.  Incumbent,   serpent  prndent  ardent    verdant  intent  extent 
regent   urgent   eloquent    invent    infant    ancient    figment  segment 
instrument  repent  repentance   occupant    vacant  elephant  instant 
distant  abandon  abundance  incident. 

5.  Cabin  cabins    expense    expanse    distance    instant  prudence 
pretence    credence    intense    intensify    pence    mountain   mountains 
fountains  regions  fragrance  eloquence    fence  immense  ambulance 
petulance  glance  glens  vagrants  intents  implants  imprints  reprints 
invents  infants  acceptance   reluctance  exactness  directness  compact- 
ness. 

6.  Abeyance  annoyance    defiance    radiance    audience  alliance 
reliance. 

7.  Locating    investigating    alternating     desperately  intimately 
determinateness. 

WRITING  EXERCISE,  2. 

1.  There  may  have  been  greater  writers  but  there  never  was  a  better 
man.     They  will   reciprocate  the  favor  in  a  delicate  manner,  and 
dissipate  any' doubts  of  their  willingness  to  placate  any  animosities 
that  may  arise.  We  ought  to  investigate  the  case  more  carefully.  If  he 
can  elucidate  the  truth  he  will  be  able  to  invalidate  their  testimony, 
and  will  doubtless  be  able  to  intimidate  those  who  have  endeavored  to 
perpetrate  this  outrage.      They  will  associate  under  an  agreement  to 
arbitrate  in  the  case  of  any  difference  that  may  arise.    He  will  initiate 
the  movement,  ingratiate  himself  into  their  favor,  negotiate  a  loan, and 
so  manage  their  affairs  as  to  appreciate  rather  than  to  depreciate  the 
value  of  the  stocks  in  question.  We  expect  that  the  licentiate  will  offici- 
ate,  and  that  the  novitiate  will  take  an  appropriate  place  in  the 
ceremony. 

2.  Such  precipitate  action  cannot  facilitate  the  business,  but  will 
necessitate  further  efforts  if  we  wish  to  resuscitate  the  nagging  zeal  of 
many.    The  funds  are  altogether  inadequate  and  do  not  approximate 
the    sum    appropriated.     His  legitimate    position    is  entirely  sub- 
ordinate.    He  always  would  procrastinate,  but  desired  to  personate 
some  one  more  fortunate.     It  is  very  unfortunate  that  he  should 
still  speculate  while  he  ought  to  stipulate  for  sure  returns.     Such  a 
causeless  war  is  certain  to  decimate  all  sections,  and  to  depopulate 
many.     We  shall  certainly  expostulate,  and  advise  them  to  capitu- 
late on  such  terms  as  are  offered.     Unwilling  to  violate  his  oath,  or 
to  deviate  from  the  truth,  he  preferred  to  expiate  his  offence  than  to 
extenuate  his  fault.     His  acceptance  of  the  charge  was  with  great 
reluctance,  yet  it  is  believed  that  he  will  not  hesitate  to  follow  the 
policy  designated,  and  remain  subordinate  to  the  chief  director. 

295  words  to  be  written  in  3  minutes  and  reduced  to  2J4  minutes. 


72 


A    SHORT    OOUBSE 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  73 

WRITING  EXEBCISK  3. 

1.  It  is  pleasant  to  be  virtuous  and  good,  becanse  that  is  to  excel 
many  others;  it  is  pleasant  to  grow  better,  because  that  is  to  excel 
ourselves;  it  is  pleasant  to  mortify  and  subdue  our  lusts,  because 
that  is  victory;  it  is  pleasant  to  command  our  appetites  and  passions, 
and  to  keep  them   in  due  order  within  the  bounds  of  reason  and 
religion,  because  that  is  empire. 

2.  The  warden  keeps  watch  and  ward  over  the  prisoners  under 
his  charge,  and  will  reward  those  who  do  well.     We  heard  that  he 
was  a  hard  master,  but  not  backward  in  performing  any  duty  incum- 
bent upon  him.     With  ardent  desire  for  inward  excelence,  he  went 
forward  in  obedience  to  the  commands  of  God.    A  serpent  is  a  very 
ancient  symbol  of  evil.    With  that  instrument  he  can  make  the  most 
accurate  measurement  of  the  segment  of  a  circle.    He  is  both  eloquent 
and  prudent;  though  eloquence  and  prudence  are  rarely  found  in  the 
same  person. 

3.  The  mountains  are  distant  several  miles.     A  glance  into  the 
glens  of  the  mountain  side    will    show  many  interesting  nssures, 
and  immense  boulders.     We    can    find    a  cabin,   where  with  little 
expense  we  can  remain,  and  enjoy  the  fragrance  of  the  flowers.     Let 
us  abandon  for  a  season  the  busy  haunts  of  man  for  the  wilderness, 
were  nature  holds  her  sceptre,  where  no  ambulance  is  needed  for  the 
wounded,  and  where  the  petulance  of  avarice  is  unknown.     With 
intense  delight  we  shall  behold  the  vast  expanse  spread  out  around  us, 
and  "worship  in  the  temple  not  made  with  hands." 

4.  Many  immigrants  are  said  to  be  vagrants.      Nature  implants, 
even   in  infants,    innate  tendencies  for  both  good   and    evil:  this 
evinces  a  special  design  on  the  part  of  the  Creator. 

300  words  to  be  written  in  3  minutes  and  reduced  to  2M« 

SEC.  2.     THE  TERMINATIONS  ZHN  SHN  ZHNL  SHNL. 

The  terminations  sion  tion  dan  sian  t ian  etc.,  pronounced  zhn  and 
shn  are  treated  as  follows: 

1.  Omit  shn  after  an  added  vocal. 

2.  Write  Zhe  for  zhn,  with  or  without  a  vocal. 

3.  On  Be  Pe  Ka  Ve  Ef  and   Ar,  where  no  vocal  occurs  before  shn, 
use  a  large  right-hand  hook:  this  kook  is  also  used  on  De  Te  with  an 
omitted  Ka,  and  on  Ef  forjicution  and  faction. 

4.  After  the  n-hook,  a  second  hook  may  be  added  for  s/tn,  where 
it  follows  En  without  a  vocal. 

5.  Ish-La,  or  Shel,  may  be   written   for  shnl;  and  Ish-La-Te,  or 
Shel-Te  for  shnlty. 

6.  Uation  and  ulation  are  written  with  a  large  hook  on  Ya  and 
Yater. 

See  corresponding  numbers  in  Writing  Exercise  4. 


A.    SHORT    COUKSE 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  75 

SEC.  8'    THE  TERMINATIONS  METER,  LITER,  URE,  URALLY   CAI,, 
UALLY,  ULAR,  ULARLY,  TUBE,  IZE,  NESS,  LESS  AND  WITH. 

1.  Lengthened  Em  and  El  provide  signs  for  the  affixes  meter  and 
liter. 

2.  Ya  is  written  foi   ure  with  an   enlarged  hook  for  ual  and  ural 
and  with  an  added  tick  for  a  final  y. 

3.  Ya  is  lengthened  for  ular  and  El  is  added  for  ly. 

4.  Te-De  is  written  for  tude,  Sle  for  self,  Ish  for  ship,  and  a  circle 
only  is  sometimes  added  for  ness. 

5.  Ze  is  written  for  ize,  and  Za  for  ization. 

SEC.  4.    THE  TERMINATIONS  IAN  IEN  IAR  IER  IOR  WITH 
I  COALESCENT. 

1.  Ian  and  ion  are  written  with  the  yen-hook,  iar  icr  and  ior  are 
treated  like  ure. 

2.  Ya  may  be  sometimes  omitted  before   the  termination  ment, 
and  El  before  the  termination  ion. 

SEC.  5.    THE  TERMINATIONS  ED  AND  ING. 

The  termination  ed  may  be  indicated  by  the  short  vocal  e  at  the 
end  of  a  word  where  the  De  cannot  be  added;  and  the  termination 
Ing  may  be  added  by  a  slanting  tick;  but  De  and  Ing  are  to  be 
preferred  where  the  letters  can  be  used  conveniently. 
WRITING  EXERCISE  4.    AFFIX  SIGNS. 

1.  Probation  emancipation  negation  suffocation  elucidation  solic- 
itation institution  promotion  commotion  diminution  edition,  super- 
stition     proposition     position     imposition     exposition     physician 
amunition  recognition  magician  logician. 

2.  Infusion  effusion   allusion   provision  prevision  vision  elision 
decision  evasion  invasion  corrosion  explosion  erosion  adhesion. 

3.  Objection   subjection    option    perception  affection  protection 
election  selection  inflection  apportion  proportion  aversion  emersion 
immersion    impression    expression    expulsion    emission    remission 
omission  commision  sanction  function  faction  fiction  ascension  dis- 
sension infliction. 

4.  Attention  intention  pretention  retention  mention  dimension 
declension  invention  intervention  succession  accession. 

5.  Sectional    emotional      provisional      professional    exceptional 
optional  occasional. 

6.  Population  graduation  gratulation  situation  infatuation  insin- 
uation stipulation  stimulation  granulation. 

7.  Thermometer    barometer     chronometer    diameter    decimeter 
decameter  millimeter  decaliter  deciliter. 

8.  Lecture  stature  posture  panier  annual  manual  actual  gradual 
natural  naturally. 

9.  Secular  titular  oracular  vernacular  jocular  granular  valvular. 

10.  Herself,  their  own  self,    solicitude  fortitude  rectitude  part- 
nership   ownership    hardship    worsjip  goodness  greatness  gladness 
wilfulness     skillfulness     helplessness     sleeplessness     graciousness 
wilderness  fretfulness  fruitfnlness  gracefulness  gracelessness. 


J>.  W  v^-x  ^<?  \,   S-V^ 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  77 

11.  Colonize  colonization  crystallize  crystallization  sacrifice  phil- 
osophize   legalize    civilize    civilization    localize  vocalize  vulgarize 
secularization  christianize  Methodize. 

12.  Bunion  pinion    alien  civilian  union    communion    Christian 
herewith    wherewith    wherewithal    indicated    repented    repenting 
intersecting  accepting  accounted  discounted. 

13.  Document  integument  monument  ornament  argument  cotil- 
lion million  billion  trillion  quadrillion  quintillion  sextillion  septil- 
lion   octillion  nonillion    decillion    gentlemen    gentleman    children 
generalize     generalization     perfection     imperfection    perfectionism 
perfectionist. 

WEITING  EXERCISE  5. 

1.  Some  persons  have  neither   the  resolution  nor  the  power  of 
carrying  their  projects  to  a  completion.    The  devil  loves  nothing  bet- 
ter than  the  intolerance  of  reformers,   and   dreads  nothing  so  much 
as  their  charity  and  patience.     The   Declaration  of  Emancipation 
was  made  during  the  war  for  the  Union,   sometimes  called  the 
Southern  Rebellion.     Our  safety  lies  in  the  preservation  of  American 
Institutions,  and  the  neutralization  of  those  corruptions  of  the  old 
world  which  come  to  us  with  an  unwelcome  profusion.     They  live 
in  fear  of  a  foreign  invasion.     He  said  he  was  a  physician,  and  not  a 
magician.     The  logician  made  an  exposition  of  the  proposition,  and 
suggested  an  elision  of  a  certain  obnoxious  clause.     The  great  ques- 
tion in  this  election  is  that  of  protection:  not  the  protection  of  cotton 
and  woolen  fabrics,  but  of  the  boys  who  wear  them.     The  inflation 
of  the  currency  is  out  of  all  proportion   to  the  demands  of  our  com- 
mercial relations. 

2.  In  his   impassioned  declamation,    he  mentioned  the  marked 
declension  in  the  religious  fervor  of  former  generations.    The  present 
measures  are  merely  provisional,  though  certainly  exceptional,  and 
it  is  well  that  they  are  only  optional.     These  sections  of  the  country 
are  mostly  agricultural.     These  questions  are  of  sectional,  rather 
than  of  national  importance.     He  will  deliver  the  annual  lecture  on 
secular  education. 

3.  Ten  millimeters-  make  one  centimeter,   ten  centimeters  one 
decimeter,  ten  decimeters  one  meter,  ten  meters  one  decameter,  ten 
decameters  one  hectometer,  ten  hectometers  one  kilometer,  ten  kilo- 
meters one  myrameter. 

Ten  milliliters  make  one  centiliter,  ten  centiliters  one  deciliter, 
ten  deciliters  one  liter,  ten  liters  one  decaliter,  ten  decaliters  oue 
hectoliter,  ten  hectoliters  one  kiloliter. 

273  words  to  be  written  in  3  minutes  and  reduced  to  2  minutes, 

WETTING  EXEECISE  6. 
THE  NORTH  AMERICAN  INDIAN. — Sprague. 

1.  Not  many  generations  ago,  where  we  now  sit,  encircled  with 
all  that  exalts  and  embelishes  civilized  life,  the  rank  thistle  nodded 
in  the  wind,  and  the  wild  fox  dug  his  hole  unscared.  Here  lived  and 


78 


A    SHORT    COURSE 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  79 

loved  another  race  of  beings.  Beneath  the  same  sun  that  rolls  over 
your  heads,  the  Indian  hunter  pursued  the  panting  deer.  Gazing 
on  the  same  moon  that  smiles  on  you,  the  Indian  lover  wooed  his 
dusky  mate.  Here  the  wigwam  blaze  beamed  on  the  tender  and 
helpless,  and  the  council  fire  glowed  on  the  wise  and  daring.  Now 
they  dip  their  noble  limbs  into  the  sedgy  lake,  and  now  they  paddle 
the  light  canoe  along  your  rocky  shores.  Here  they  warred:  the 
echoing  whoop,  the  bloody  grapple,  the  defying  death  song,  all  were 
here ;  and  when  the  tiger  strife  was  over,  here  curled  the  smoke  of 
peace. 

2.  And  all  this  has  passed  away.  Two  hnndred  years  has 
changed  the  character  of  a  great  continent,  and  blotted  forever  from 
its  face  a  whole  peculiar  people.  Art  has  usurped  the  bowers  of 
nature,  and  the  anointed  children  of  education  have  been  too  pow- 
erful for  the  tribes  of  the  ignorant.  As  a  race  they  have  withered 
from  the  land,  their  arrows  are  broken,  their  council  fire  has  long 
since  gone  out  on  the  shore,  and  their  war  cry  is  fast  fading  to  the 
untrodden  west.  Slowly  and  sadly  they  climb  the  distant  mountains, 
and  read  their  doom  in  the  setting  sun.  They  are  shrinking  before 
the  mighty  tide  which  is  prefsing  them  away.  They  must  soon  hear 
the  roar  of  the  last  wave  which  will  settle  over  them  forever.  Ages 
hence  the  inquisitive  white  man  as  he  stands  by  some  growing  city 
will  ponder  on  the  structure  of  their  remains,  and  wonder  to  what 
manner  of  persons  they  belonged.  They  will  live  only  in  the  songs 
and  chronicles  of  their  exterminators. 

310  words  to  be  written  in  3J4  minutes  and  reduced  to  2%  minutes. 
SEC.  6.    CONTRACTED  PREFIX  SIGNS. 

1.  The  prefix  ad  omits  De  before  Ve  and  Ja. 

2.  The  prefixes  Com  and  Con  are  written   by  a  tick  joined  to  the 
straight  signs  when  unmodified,   and   in  the   same  direction  with 
them  when  initial  hooks  and  circles  occur;  and  in  the  same  direction 
with  curved  signs  in  all  cases. 

3.  The  tick  for  Com  occurs  only  before  the  letters  Be  and  Pe  and 
the  prefix  Con  before  all  the  consonants  except  Be  Pe  Em  Wa  Ya  and 
Ha.     This  prefix  sign  occurs   after  other  prefixes  in  which  case  it  is 
sometimes  ommitted. 

4.  Contra-tre-tri  and  Counter  add  a  final  hook  to  the  tick. 

5.  Intra-tre-tri  and  -tro  omit  the  Ar,  and  trance  omits  the  n  and  r. 

6.  Stra  is  written  for  extra,  and  an  initial  loop  on  Em  Ra  and  Ar 
for  extern  and  exter.     This  loop  is  enlarged  on  Em  in  extreme  and  its 
derivatives.     The  prefix  ex  loses  the  circle  before  the  initial  Pla,  as 
in  explore. 

1.  Ma  is  written  for  the  prefix  im,  but  the  prefix  em  is  vocalized. 
Where  the  prefix  in  cannot  be  joined,  en  is  sometimes  substituted 
for  it. 

8.  When  the  prefixes  Pre  and  Pro  occur  before  Ve  and  p]f,  they 
may  be  written  with  a  large  initial  hook  on  these  letters. 


A    8HOET    COURSE 


7. 


V 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  81 

WRITING  EXERCISE  7.     CONTRACTED  PREFIXES. 

1.  Advise  advance  advent  adventure  adverb  adjoin  adjust  adju- 
dicate Adjutant  adjourn. 

2.  Combine  combination  combat  combustible  compose  composi- 
tion compare  comparison  compel  compulsion  comprehend  compre- 
hension compound  component  cumber  encumber  incomplete  incom- 
bustible incompatible   uncomplaining  noncompliance  circumstance 
circumscribe  commit  commute  commission  command  commandment 
commend  commence  common  commune  commemorate  commensurate 
commiserate  commingle    comic    communicate  intercommunication 
intercommunion  incommunicable. 

3.  Connection   concussion  concord  'concordance  concur  conquer 
concurrence  conception  conspiracy  consecutive  consecrate  consecra- 
tion conclusive  Congress  congressional  congregate  congregation  con- 
demn condemnation  condense  condensation  condition  conditional  con- 
tagion contortion  controversy  contribute  contract  concede  consider 
constant  construe  conjecture  conjectural  congestion  conjure  conjure 
convene  convention  conventions  convenience  converse  convulse  con- 
vulsion conquest  conscious  conscience  concession  connive  connubial 
consanguinity  consult  consultation  console  consolation  conciliate  con- 
ciliation consume  consummation  concern  concert  consort. 

4.  Contradict    contravene    contravention     contrary    contraband 
counterpane      counterpoise    counterfeit    counterpart      counterwork 
countersign. 

5.  Intrigue  intrepid  intrinsic  introduce  introduction  transpose 
transplant  tiansparent  transpress  transcribe  transfer  transform  trans- 
verse tiansient  transmigrate  transmute  transmit  translate  Trans- 
Atlantic  intransitive  intransmissible. 

6.  Extravagant  extricate  extra-professional  extemporize  extremity 
exterior  external  explore  explain  explicit  explicate. 

7.  Empire  impair  impurple  imperil  empress  impress  embrace  im- 
burse    reimburse  material  immaterial   immaculate  immodest  im- 
measurable mortal  immortal  mortality  immortality  indwell  initiate 
initiation  insatiate  injudicious  inhabit  inhabitant  inhabitable  inhos- 
pitable inharmonious  inherent  inherently. 

8.  Prevent  prevail  prevaricate  provoke  provocation  provide  provi- 
dence prefigure  prefer  preference  profess  profane  profound  improvise 
improvisation   prove    approve  private    deprive  deprave   depreciate 
reprove  reproof. 

9.  Conversation  conversational  continue  continual   continuation 
contingent  extreme  extraordinary   improve  improvement  adjourn- 
ment. 

WRITING  EXERCISE  8.    SELECTIONS  FOR  PRACTICE. 

1.  Before  they  adjourn  the  meeting,  they  will  adjust  the  matter 
according  to  the  decision  of  the  adjutant.  Though  a  noncombatant 
in  principle,  he  approved  very  highly  of  the  measures  for  strengthen- 


82 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  83 

ing  our  coast  defences.  We  advise  an  advance.  They  comprehend 
the  comparison,  and  combine  to  comply  with  the  request.  Upon 
consultation,  they  concluded  to  act  iu  concert.  It  is  of  intrinsic  im- 
portance that  we  find  a  man  of  intrepidity  to  introduce  this  import- 
ant invention.  They  flatly  contradict  the  terms  of  the  contract,  and 
act  contrary  to  its  entire  spirit.  To  accuse  him  in  these  circum- 
stances of  noncompliance  with  the  rules  of  the  establishment,  is  a 
very  extraordinary  misconstruction  of  the  spirit  of  our  instructions. 

2.  It  is  common  with  men,  whose  sphere  of  duty  is  circumscribed, 
to  commune  much  with  themselves,  sometimes  with  nature,  and  not 
infrequently  they  enter  into  communioniwith  the  spirits  of  just  men 
made  perfect.     The   Ten  Commandments,    given   on   Mount  Sinai, 
have  been  the  basis  of  all  moral  law  throughout  the  Christian  ages, 
and  in  all  Christian  countries.     They  say  they   do  not  approve  the 
conspiracy  of  silence,    but  regard  the  suppression   of  facts  of  vital 
importance  as  antagonistic  to  the  spirit  of  our  institutions.     Her 
Britannic  Majesty,  the  Queen  of  Great  Britian  and  Ireland,  is  also 
Empress  of    India.      His   Imperial   Highness,   the   Autocrat  of  all 
the  Russias,  rules  over  a  large  part  of  Europe   and  the  northern  part 
of  Asia. 

3.  He  continues  to  improve   every  occasion.     Congress   will  not 
adjourn   until    it    provides    for    such    contingent    expenses   as  are 
necessary.     They  have  not  been   extravagant  in  their  expenditures 
though  they  have  provided  facilities   both  professional  and  extra- 
professional.     Being  governed  only  by   his  insatiable  greed,  he  will 
initiate  no  measures  likely  to   provoke  dissension,  or  prevent   his 
control  of  such  official  patronage  as  he   is  able  to  pervert  to  his  base 
purposes. 

310  words  to  be  written  in  3  minutes  and  reduced  to  2%  minutes. 
WRITING  EXERCISE  9.     THE  DISCOVERY  OF  AMERICA. — Everett, 

1.  The  discovery  itself  of  the  American  Continent  may,  I  think, 
fairly  be  considered  the  most  extraordinary  event  in  the  history  of 
the  world.  In  this,  as  in  other  cases,  familiarity  blunts  the  edge  of 
our  perceptions.  But  much  as  I  have  meditated,  and  often  as  I 
have  treated  this  theme,  its  magnitude  grows  upon  me,  with  each 
successive  contemplation.  That  a  continent  nearly  as  large  as 
Europe  and  Africa  united,  spread  out  on  both  sides  of  the  Equator, 
lying  between  the  western  shores  of.  Europe  and  Africa  and  the 
eastern  shore  of  Asia,  with  groups  of  islands  in  either  ocean,  as  it 
were  stepping  places  on  the  march  of  discovery,  a  continent,  not 
inhabited  indeed  by  civilized  races,  but,  still,  occupied  by  one  of 
the  families  of  rational  men,  that  this  great  hemisphere,  I  say, 
should  have  lain  undiscovered  for  5000  years  upon  the  bosom  of  the 
deep,  a  mystery  so  vast  within '  so  short  a  distance,  and  yet  not 
found  out,  is  indeed  a  marvel. 


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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  85 

2.  But  the  fulness  of  time  had  not  yet  come.  Egypt  and  Assyria, 
and  Tyre,  and  Carthage,  and  Greece,  and  Rome,  must  flourish  and  fall 
before  the  seals  are  broken.  They  must  show  what  they  can  do  for 
humanity,  before  the  vail  which  hides  its  last  hope  is  lifted  up. 
The  ancient  civilization  must  be  weighed  in  the  balance,  and  found 
wanting.  Yes,  and  more.  Nature  must  unlock  her  rarest  mysteries; 
the  quivering  steel  must  learn  to  tremble  to  the  pole;  the  Astrolabe 
must  climb  the  arch  of  heaven,  and  bring  down  the  sun  to  the 
horizon;  science  must  demonstrate  the  sphericity  of  the  earth:  the 
press  must  scatter  the  flying  rear  of  mediaeval  darkness;  the  creative 
instincts  of  a  new  political,  intellectual  and  social  life  must  begin 
to  kindle  into  action ;  and  then  the  discovery  may  go  forth. 

300  words  to  be  written  in  3  minutes  and  reduced  to  2  minutes. 
SECTION  7.     CONTRACTED  PHRASES,  AND  WORD  OMISSIONS. 

1.  In  forming  Phrase  Signs  the  words  a,  and,  from,  of,  the,  of  the 
and  to,  are  sometimes  omitted. 

2.  In  places  where  they  can  be  easily   inferred,  as  in  the  opening 
of  a  letter,  other  words  are  sometimes  omitted,  as  "yowr's  received,1' 
for  '  'your  favor  received. ' ' 

3.  In  some  cases  the  omitted   word   may  be   indicated  by  proxi- 
mity, (the  writing  of  the  words  closer  together  than   is  usual;)  or  by 
intersection,  (the  striking  of  a  letter  through  a  preceding  one. ) 

These  methods  of  contraction  should  be  used  sparingly. 

SEC.  8.    PUNCTUATION  IN  NOTE  TAKING. 

Only  two  marks  of  punctuation  are  essential,  but  these  should  not 
be  omitted.  The  Period  and  Interrogation  should  always  be  indicated. 
The  Period  may  be  indicated  by  a  space  of  about  an  inch  in  length; 
and  the  mark  of  Interrogation  may  be  written  without  the  dot. 


WRITING  EXERCISE  10. 

1.  Time  of  the  year,  day  of  the  week,  nations  of  the  earth,  laws 
of  the  land,  wealth  of  the   nation,   the  rules  of  the  art,    history  of 
the  world,  inspiration  of  the  bible,    importance  of  the  measure,  one 
of  the  family,  waves  of  the  ocean,  sands  of  the  desert,    stars  of  the 
sky,  close  of  the  year,  close  of  the  day,  the  value  of  the  consignment. 

2.  From  time  to  time,  from   place   to   place,    from  side  to  side, 
from  day  to  day,    from   hour  to  hour,     from  week  to  week,  from 
month  to  month,  from  generation  to  generation. 


86 


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A    SHORT    COURSE 
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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  87 

3.  By  the  piece,  by  the  day,  by   the  hour,    by  the  month,  by  the 
year,  this  week,  last  week,  next   week,    last   month,  over  and  over 
forever  and  ever,  now  and  then. 

4.  Your  favor  received,  your  favor  received   and  contents  noted, 
your  esteemed  favor  received,  we  beg  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of 
your  favor,  we  beg  to  acknowledge    the  receipt  of  your  esteemed 
favor,  I  have  received  your  letter,  I  am  in  receipt  of  your  letter,  we 
are  in  receipt  of  your  favor,  your  favor  of  the  loth  inst.  is  received, 
enclosed  please  find,  enclosed  we  (I)  baud  you,   enclosed  we  (I)  send 
yon,  your's  with  enclosures  received,  please   reply  at  once,   please 
reply  by  return  mail. 

5.  United  States,  United  States  of  America,  Eastern   Continent. 
Western  Continent,  Atlantic   Ocean.  Pacific  Ocean,  North  America, 
South  America,  New  England,  New  York   City,    New  Hampshire, 
Vermont,  Connecticut,  Rhode  Island,    Massachusettes,  New  York. 
New  York   State,    New    Jersey,    Pennsylvania,    Maryland,    North 
Carolina,  Mississippi,     Louisiana,     Missouri,    Colorado,    California, 
Michigan,  Chicago,  South   Carolina,    London,    Birmingham,    Phila- 
delphia. 

6.  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  A.  B.,  A.  D.,  A.  M.,  P.  M.,  M.  D.,  D.  D.,  L.  L.  D. 

7.  Railroad,  railroad  car,  sleeping  car,    parlor  car,  'freight  car, 
coal  car.  brakeman,  conductor,  train   despatcher,  engineer,   express 
company,  express  office,  baggage  express. 

8.  At  this  time  of  the  year  we   expect  the   leaves  of  the  trees  to 
change  color  and  fall  to  the  ground. 

The  nations  of  the  earth  are  now  in  profound  peace;  but  we  hear 
from  time  to  time  rnmors  of  coming  contests,  which  may  lead  to  a 
disturbance  of  the  tranqnility  over  large  sections  of  the  eastern 
world.  It  may  not  be  this  week,  or  next  week,  but  the  time  will 
surely  come,  As  a  sick  man  tosses  from  side  to  side,  so  he,  with 
great  unrest,  flits  from  place  to  place,  as  though  pursued  by  some 
avenging  demon. 

"  9.     The  price  of  those  goods  by  the  piece   is   10   cents,  and  by  the 
yard  10}^  cents. 

The  value  of  the  consignment  was  not  the  material  point  in  the 
question,  it  was  altogether  immaterial  whether  the  value  was 
greater  or  less.  The  cost  of  the  purchase  was  a  definite  sum,  and 
should  be  protected  by  law. 

Go  count  the  leaves  of  the  forest,  the  stars  of  the  sky,  or  the 
sands  of  the  sea-shore, — such  shall  be  the  multitude  of  thy  children. 

480  words  to  be  written  in  4^  minutes,  and  reduced  to  3  minutes. 


88  A    SHOBT.  COURSE 

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IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  89 

WRITING  EXKRCISE  11. 

1.  If  we  are  not  misinformed,    they   intend   to   discontinue  their 
efforts  in  this  direction.     A  thoughtless  person   continually  acts  and 
speaks  as  if  it  were  no  consequence  what  is  said   and  done.     Robert 
Breckenridge  very  pertinently  remarks,  that  God  is  not  incapable  of 
extricating  himself  from  an  eternal  incomprehensibility.     In   com- 
position,   there    is     a    transposed,    or     inverted  order    of  words, 
as  well  as  a  conventional,  or  common  arrangement.     The  sphere  in 
which  we  move,  and  act,  and  understand,  is  of  a  wider  circumference 
to  one  creature  than  to  another.     When  the  Roman  historians  des- 
cribed an  extraordinary  man,  this  always  entered  into  his  character 
as  an  essential  of  it:    He  was  of  incredible  industry,  and  remarkable 
application. 

What  words  can  declare  the  immeasurable  worth  of  books? 
What  rhetoric  set  forth  the  importance  of  that  great  invention 
which  diffuses  them  over  the  whole  earth,  to  gladden  its  myriads  of 
minds?  Truly  good  books  are  more  than  mines  to  those  who  under- 
stand them.  They  are  the  breathings  of  the  great  souls  of  past 
times.  Genius  is  not  embalmed  in  them,  as  is  sometimes  said,  but 
lives  in  them  perpetually. 

2.  Be  servants  of   truth  and  duty,    each    in    his  vocation.     Be 
sincere,  pure  in  heart,  earnest,  enthusiastic.     A  virtuous  enthusiasm 
is  self-forgetful  and  noble.     It  is  the  only  inspiration   now  vouch- 
safed to  man.      Blend    humility  with  learning.  Ascend  above  the 
present  in  place  and  time.    Regard  fame  only  as  the  eternal  shadow 
of  excellence.   Bend  in  adoration  before  the  right.  Cultivate  alike  the 
wisdom  of  experience  and  the  wisdom  of   hope.    Mindful  of   the 
future,  do  nek  neglect  the  past;  awed  by  the  majesty  of  antiquity, 
turn  not  away  in  indifference  from  the  future. 

Prosperity  is  naturally,  though  not  necessarily,  attached  to 
virtue  and  merit;  adversity  to  vice  and  folly.  It  is  the  first  point  of 
wisdom  to  ward  off  evils,  the  second  to  make  them  beneficial.  We 
promise  according  to  our  hopes,  but  perform  according  to  our  fears. 

326  words  to  be  written  in  3  minutes  and  reduced  to  2%  minutes. 
WRITING  EXERCISE  12. — SELECTIONS  FOR  PRACTICE. 

1.  The  only  distinctions  which  should  be  recognized  in  society, 
are  those  of  the  soul  of  the  intellect  and  of  the  heart — of  a  soul  strong 
in  principle,  incorruptible  in  integrity;  of  an  intellect  cultivated  and 
true,  ready  to  accept,  and  strong  to  defend  the  truth;  of  a  heart 
filled  with  love  to  God  and  man.  That  fortitude  which  has  encoun- 
tered no  dangers,  that  prudence  which  has  surmounted  no  difficul- 
ties, that  integrity  which  has  been  attended  by  no  temptations,  can 
at  best  be  considered  but  as  gold  not  yet  brought  to  the  test. — 
Channing. 


-  I  .  -^ 


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.X) 


~T 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  91 

2.  The  most  precious  of  all  possessions   is  power  over  ourselves  ; 
power  to  withstand  trials,  to  bear  suffering,  to  frout  danger,  power  over 
pleasure  an/l  pain;  power  to  follow  our  convictions,  however  resisted 
by  menace  and    scorn;    the    power  of  calm  self-reliance  in  seasons 
of  darkness  and  storms;  to  have  even  our  earthly  being  extended  in 
everlasting  remembrance;  to  be  known  wherever  the  name  of  virtue 
ran  reach;  and  to  be  known  as  the  benefactor  of  every  age,  by  the 
light  which  we  have  difused,  or  the  actions  which  we  have  performed 
or  prompted  —  who  does  not  feel  some  desire  for  this  additional  immor- 
tality? 

3.  No  matter  in   what  language   the   strangers   doom  may  have 
been  pronounced;   no   matter  what  complexion  incompataole  with 
freedom  an  Indian  or  an  African  sun  may  have  burned  upon  him;  no 
matter  in  what  disastrous  battle  his  liberties  may  have  been  cloven 
down,  no  matter  with  what  solemnities  he  may  have  been  devoted 
upon  the  altar  of  slavery;  the  first  moment  he  touches  the  sacred  soil 
of  Britain,  the  altar  and  the  God  sink  together  into  the    dust;  his 
soul  walks  abroad  in  her  own  majesty;  his  body  swells  beyond  the 
measure  of  his  chains   that  burst  from   around  him;  and  he  stands 
redeemed,    regenerated,    disenthralled   by  the  irresistible  Genius  of 
Universal  Emancipation. 

How  can  he  exalt  his  thoughts  to  anything  great  or  noble,  who 
only  believes  that  after  a  short  term,  he  is  to  sink  into  oblivion,  and 
lose  his  conciousness  forever. 


343  words  to  be  written  in  3*2  minutes  and  reduced 

WRITING  EXERCISE  13. 
Extract  from  Lecture  by  Edward  Everett. 

1.  The  modern  temperance  agitation  commenced  more  than  sev- 
enty five  years  ago.  The  subject  has  been  before  the  American  peo- 
ple two  entire  generations. 

The  distinguished  Edward  Everett,  delivered  a  lecture  in  Salem, 
Mass.  ,  June,  1833,  fifty  -five  years  ago,  in  which,  among  other  things, 
he  said:  The  maxims  of  temperance  are  not  new;  they  are  as  old  as 
Christianity;  as  old  as  any  of  the  inculations  of  personal  and  social 
duty.  Every  other  instrument  of  moral  censure  had  been  tried,  in 
the  case  of  intemperance,  as  in  that  of  other  prevailing  vices,  crimes, 
and  errors.  The  law  had  done  something;  the  press  had  done  some- 
thing; the  stated  ministration  of  religion  had  done  something, 
but  altogether  had  done  but  little;  and  intemperance  had 
reached  a  most  alarming  degree  of  prevalence.  At  length,  the  prin- 
ciple of  association  was  applied;  societies  were  formed,  meetings 
were  held,  public  addresses  made,  information  collected  and  com- 


A    SHORT    COUBSB 

/3        — X    ; 


t*  —^  1*33 


>^r,^  ~>^A  t 


vv> 


a 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND.  93 

municated,  pledges  mutually  given,  the  minds  of  men  excited,  and 
their  hearts  warmed,  by  comparison  of  opinions,  by  concert  and  sym- 
pathy; and  within  the  space  of  twenty  years,  of  which  not  more  than 
ten  have  been  devoted  to  strenuous  effort,  a  most  signal  and  unex- 
ampled reform  has  been  achieved.  The  bubbling,  and,  as  it  seemed 
perennial  fountains  of  this  vice  have,  in  many  cases,  been  dried  up. 
Villages  have  been  regenerated,  and  entire  communities  changed, 
and  an  incalculable  amount  of  vice  and  woe  has  beeiv  prevented. 

2.  When  we  contemplate  intemperance, in  all  its  bearings  and  effects 
on  the  condition  and  character  of  men,    I  believe  we  shall  come  to 
the  conclusion,  that  it  is  the  greatest  evil,which,  as  beings  of  a  com- 
pound nature,  we  have  to  fear.     It  is  the  arch-aboinination  of  our 
natures;  tending  to  assure  the  triumph  of  that  which  is  low,  base, 
sensual   and  earthly,  over  the  heavenly  and  pure;  to  convert  this  so 
curiously  organized  frame  into  a  disordered,  crazy  machine,  and  to 
drag  down  the  soul  to  the  slavery  of  groveling  lusts. 

This  all-destroying  vic-e  ruins  the  health  of  its  victims.  They  seem 
resolved  to  anticipate  the  corruption  of  their  natures.  They  cannot 
wait  to  get  sick  and  die.  They  think  the  worm  is  too  slow  in  his 
approach,  and  sluggish  at  his  work. 

It  is  a  double  death,  by  which  they  drag  about  with  them  above 
the  grave  a  mass  of  diseased,  decaying  aching  flesh.  They  will  not 
only  commit  suicide,  but  do  it  in  such  a  way  as  to  be  the  witnesses, 
and  concious  victims  of  the  cruel  process  of  self  murder;  doing  it 
by  degrees,  quenching  the  sight,  benumbing  the  brain,  and  changing 
a  fair,  healthy,  robust  frame  into  a  shrinking,  suffering  living 
corpse,  with  nothing  of  vitality  but  the  power  of  suffering,  and  with 
everything  of  death  but  its  peace. 

3.  Then   follows  the  wreck  of   property;  ruin,  which  comes  like 
an  avenging  angel  to  waste  the  substance  of  the  intemperate;  which 
crosses  their  threshold,    commissioned  as  it  were,  to  plague  them 
with  all  the  horrors  of  ruined   fortune  and  blasted  prospects;  and 
passes  before  their  astonished  sight,  in  the  dread  array  of  affairs 
perplexed,  debts  accumulated,  substance  squandered,  honor  tainted, 
wife  and  children  cast  out  upon  the  mercy  of  the  world. 

4.  Bad   as  all  this   is,  much  as  it  is,  it  is  neither  the  greatest  nor 
the  worst  part  of  the  aggravations  of  the  crime  of  intemperance.     It 
produces  consequences  of  still  more  awful  moment.     It  first  exasper- 
ates the  passions,  and  then  takes  off  from  them  the  restraints  of  the 
reason  and  the  will;  maddens  and  then  unchains  the  tiger,  ravening 
for  blood;  tramples  all  the  intellectual  and  moral  man  under  the  feet 
of  the  stimulated  clay;  lays  the  understanding,  the  kind  affections, 
and  the  conscience  in   the  same  grave  with   prosperity  and  health; 
and  having  killed  the  body,  kills  the  soul ! 


94 


A    SHOBT    COCBSE 


J 


L, 


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KT 


IN  BUSINESS  SHORTHAND. 


95 


5.  Such,  faintly  described,  is  the  vice  of  imtemperance.  Snch 
it  still  exists  in  our  land;  checked,  and,  as  we  hope,  declining,  but 
still  prevailing  to  a  degree  which  invites  all  our  zeal  for  its 
effectual  suppression.  Such  as  I  have  described  it,  it  exists,  I  fear, 
in  every  city,  in  every  town,  in  every  village  in  our  country.  Such 
and  so  formidable  is  its  power. 

700  words  to  be  written  in  7  minutes  and  reduced  to  5  minutes. 


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